Comparison of the toxicity of cinnamaldehyde when administered by microencapsulation in feed or by corn oil gavage

Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)

“…Moreover, assuming a small intestinal volume of approximately 2L, we assumed that a dose of 1000 mg would result in approximately the same concentrations in the intestine that resulted in efficacy in our in vitro studies, even assuming for a large degree of compound disappearance (up to 90%) during digestion. Toxicity studies for CA do not exist for pigs, but rodent studies indicated that the LD 50 for CA given daily by gavage is in the region of 2500 mg/kg bodyweight/day—some 100-fold higher than we used here 40 . Therefore, we considered our current dosage to be towards the maximum end of what can be safely administered, allowing a wide safety-margin which is necessary for future usage.…”

Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)

“…Moreover, assuming a small intestinal volume of approximately 2L, we assumed that a dose of 1000 mg would result in approximately the same concentrations in the intestine that resulted in efficacy in our in vitro studies, even assuming for a large degree of compound disappearance (up to 90%) during digestion. Toxicity studies for CA do not exist for pigs, but rodent studies indicated that the LD 50 for CA given daily by gavage is in the region of 2500 mg/kg bodyweight/day—some 100-fold higher than we used here 40 . Therefore, we considered our current dosage to be towards the maximum end of what can be safely administered, allowing a wide safety-margin which is necessary for future usage.…”

Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity using the DEREK system for 30 chemicals currently being tested by the National Toxicology Program. The DEREK Collaborative Group.

“…Cinnamaldehyde also gave a negative result in a mouse micronucleus assay. Forestomach hyperplasia was observed in 2-or 3-week toxicity studies, and was probably related to the route of exposure (48) A high level of confidence in both rats and mice was associated with the predictions for 3 of the 23 chemicals for which DEREK provided no evidence of carcinogenic activity. However, 11 of the 23 chemicals were thought likely to be carcinogenic, and predictions for these chemicals were therefore assigned a low level of confidence.…”

Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs

“…This high tolerability of thymol could be explained thanks to the microencapsulation of the terpene in a lipid matrix. It is well documented that encapsulation technologies are useful not only to deliver the bioactive compound along all the GI tract [ 41 – 43 ], but also to increase the palatability of some pungent molecules, such as thymol [ 44 ].…”

Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)

“…Moreover, assuming a small intestinal volume of approximately 2L, we assumed that a dose of 1000 mg would result in approximately the same concentrations in the intestine that resulted in efficacy in our in vitro studies, even assuming for a large degree of compound disappearance (up to 90%) during digestion. Toxicity studies for CA do not exist for pigs, but rodent studies indicated that the LD 50 for CA given daily by gavage is in the region of 2500 mg/kg bodyweight/day—some 100-fold higher than we used here 40 . Therefore, we considered our current dosage to be towards the maximum end of what can be safely administered, allowing a wide safety-margin which is necessary for future usage.…”

Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity using the DEREK system for 30 chemicals currently being tested by the National Toxicology Program. The DEREK Collaborative Group.

“…Cinnamaldehyde also gave a negative result in a mouse micronucleus assay. Forestomach hyperplasia was observed in 2-or 3-week toxicity studies, and was probably related to the route of exposure (48) A high level of confidence in both rats and mice was associated with the predictions for 3 of the 23 chemicals for which DEREK provided no evidence of carcinogenic activity. However, 11 of the 23 chemicals were thought likely to be carcinogenic, and predictions for these chemicals were therefore assigned a low level of confidence.…”

Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs

“…This high tolerability of thymol could be explained thanks to the microencapsulation of the terpene in a lipid matrix. It is well documented that encapsulation technologies are useful not only to deliver the bioactive compound along all the GI tract [ 41 – 43 ], but also to increase the palatability of some pungent molecules, such as thymol [ 44 ].…”

Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)

“…Moreover, assuming a small intestinal volume of approximately 2L, we assumed that a dose of 1000 mg would result in approximately the same concentrations in the intestine that resulted in efficacy in our in vitro studies, even assuming for a large degree of compound disappearance (up to 90%) during digestion. Toxicity studies for CA do not exist for pigs, but rodent studies indicated that the LD 50 for CA given daily by gavage is in the region of 2500 mg/kg bodyweight/day—some 100-fold higher than we used here 40 . Therefore, we considered our current dosage to be towards the maximum end of what can be safely administered, allowing a wide safety-margin which is necessary for future usage.…”

Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity using the DEREK system for 30 chemicals currently being tested by the National Toxicology Program. The DEREK Collaborative Group.

“…Cinnamaldehyde also gave a negative result in a mouse micronucleus assay. Forestomach hyperplasia was observed in 2-or 3-week toxicity studies, and was probably related to the route of exposure (48) A high level of confidence in both rats and mice was associated with the predictions for 3 of the 23 chemicals for which DEREK provided no evidence of carcinogenic activity. However, 11 of the 23 chemicals were thought likely to be carcinogenic, and predictions for these chemicals were therefore assigned a low level of confidence.…”

Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs

“…This high tolerability of thymol could be explained thanks to the microencapsulation of the terpene in a lipid matrix. It is well documented that encapsulation technologies are useful not only to deliver the bioactive compound along all the GI tract [ 41 – 43 ], but also to increase the palatability of some pungent molecules, such as thymol [ 44 ].…”