Comparison of the rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) with the applanation tonometer (TonoPen XL®) in normal Eurasian Eagle owls (Bubo bubo)

Jeong, Manbok; Kim, Young‐Jun; Yi, Na Young; Park, Shin-Ae; Kim, Won‐Tae; Kim, Se-Eun; Chae, Jeesoo; Kim, Jong-Taek; Lee, Hang; Seo, Kangmoon

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00573.x

Cited by 99 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Rebound tonometer was designed for use in animals with small eyes and has recently been used in birds, such as bald eagle (21.5±1.7mm Hg) (Kuhn et al 2013), Megascops asio (11±1.9mm Hg) (Harris et al 2008), Spheniscus dermersus (31.77±3.3mm Hg) (Gonzalez-Alonso-Alegre et al 2015), Bubo bubo (10:45±1.64mm Hg) (Jeong et al 2007) and Phoenicopterus ruber ruber (9.5±1.7mm Hg) (Meekins et al 2015a). Rebound tonometer reference values overestimate IOP compared to applanation tonometry in Eurasian eagle owls (Jeong et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rebound tonometer reference values overestimate IOP compared to applanation tonometry in Eurasian eagle owls (Jeong et al 2007). Testing the accuracy and reproducibility of IOP measurements obtained with the TonoVet rebound tonometer, Reuter et al (2010) reported that in chickens, results with this device correlated less with manometric values than in dogs, cats and horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy blue-and-yellow macaws. We investigated a total of 35 adult macaws (70 eyes) of undetermined sex and with an average weight of 1 kg, who were living in captivity in the Federal District, Brazil. Tear production using the Schirmer tear test (STT), normal conjunctival flora, intraocular pressure (IOP) using a rebound tonometer and horizontal palpebral fissure length (HPFL) were evaluated. In this study, 84.1% of samples were positive for microbial growth. Bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated, and Staphylococcus spp. (21.9%) and Bacillus spp. (26.8%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The mean value for STT was 7.6±4.6mm/min in the right eye (OD) and 6.6±4.4mm/min in the left eye (OS) (median = 7,11±0,76mm/min). Mean IOP was 11.4±2.5mm Hg OD and 11.6±1.8mm Hg OS (median = 11.49±0.22mm Hg), prior to anesthesia, and 7.6±2.4mm Hg OD and 7.8±1.8mm Hg OS (median 7.71±0.08mmHg) after anesthesia. The IOP was significantly lower when the animals were under anesthesia as compared to when they were conscious (p≤0.05). Horizontal palpebral fissure length was 11.7±0.1mm OD and 11.8±0.1mm OS (median = 11.72±0.07mm). The STT showed a positive correlation with palpebral fissure measurement for this species. These selected ophthalmic reference values will be particularly useful in diagnosing pathological changes in the eyes of blue-and-yellow macaws.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

et al. 2017

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“…Studies comparing rebound tonometry and a manometer showed that, in some birds, IOP was overestimated, while it was underestimated in others. However, even with these variations, the values obtained are considered useful for clinical application (Jeong et al 2007, Reuter et al 2010, Wojick et al 2013. To minimize such oscillations, it is suggested that a single method be used for a particular species (Meekins et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Teste lacrimal deSchirmer modificado e tonometria de rebote em papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva).] O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado (TLSm), a pressão intraocular (PIO) pela tonometria de rebote e o comprimento da fissura palpebral (FP) do papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva). Foram avaliados 35 papagaios adultos e saudáveis, provenientes de um Criadouro Conservacionista do Brasil. Após avaliação clínica e laboratorial, as aves foram fisicamente contidas para aferição, em ambos os olhos, do TLSm, da PIO pela tonometria de rebote e do comprimento da FP utilizando-se um paquímetro digital. Valor médio do TLSm foi 6.2±0.1mm/min e da PIO foi 6.4±0.1 mmHg, enquanto a aferição da FP foi 10.1±0.1mm. Uma correlação moderada foi observada entre TLSm e a FP para olho direito (OD) (ρ=0.14) e olho esquerdo (OE) (ρ=0.20). Os resultados podem servir como valores de referência para testes oftálmi-cos para A. aestiva. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO:Teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado, tonometria de rebote, papagaio-verdadeiro, Amazona aestiva, aves, produção lacrimal, pressão intraocular, comprimento da fissura palpebral, animais silvestres. INTRODUCTIONThe blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) measures 35-37cm in length and weighs approximately 400 g, reaching sexual maturity of age at five years. Individuals of this species have a predominant green color, yellow head with blue forehead, and black feet and beak (Forshaw 2010). Because of their vocalization skills similar to speech and interaction with humans, it is bred as a pet (Godoy 2007). Birds are considered animals with great visual acuity, which are important factors for breeding, feeding and flight (Hart 2002, Reuter et al. 2011, Williams 2012, Rauscher et al. 2013). The ophthalmic reference values used for the mSTT and rebound tonometry in these animals lack inter-and intraspecies information.Due to the lack of specific data for A. aestiva, we aimed establish normal parameters for modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and palpebral fissure length (PFL). Also, to verify any correlation among mSTT and PFL. Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) The aim of this study was to describe the modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP) by rebound tonometry and palpebral fissure length (PFL) in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five healthy adult animals from a conservation breeding center in Brazil were used in this study. Modified Schirmer tear test, rebound tonometry and PFL measurements were performed in both eyes, with birds under physical restraint. Mean mSTT was 6.2±0.1mm/min and mean IOP was 6.4±0.1mmHg, while PFL was 10.1±0.1mm. A moderate correlation was seen between mSTT and PFL for OD (ρ=0.14) and OS (ρ=0.20). The results provide ophthalmic tests reference values for A. aestiva.

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“…Previous studies reported intervals of 1, 2, and 10 minutes (LEIVA et al, 2006;JEONG et al, 2007;LÓPEZ-CABALLERO et al, 2007;PEREIRA et al, 2011). Although these experiments were not using a "stress model", simply Table 1 -Values of mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in mmHg of horses of different ages, measured with the rebound tonometer with and without twitch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lip twitch restraint on rebound tonometry in horses

et al. 2016

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Comparison of the rebound tonometer (TonoVet^®) with the applanation tonometer (TonoPen XL^®) in normal Eurasian Eagle owls (Bubo bubo)

Cited by 99 publications

References 16 publications

Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

Lip twitch restraint on rebound tonometry in horses

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