“…Many species considered rare in the present study were very abundant in the subsurface water in Campos Basin (Bonecker et al, ) and in deeper waters in other areas of the Brazilian coast (Goçalo, Katsuragawa, & Silveira, ; Namiki et al, ). Therefore, the low frequency and abundance of some species in the present study probably reflect net avoidance of fish larvae during the day, due to the visual and swimming capacity of larger larvae (Doyle, ; Katsuragawa & Matsuura, ), or because they are pseudoneuston species, which means that their center of distribution occurs at deeper layers and the surface is the edge of their vertical range of distribution (Hempel & Weikert, ). Besides, many species belong to the facultative neuston and undergo vertical migration, aggregating near the surface only during the night, e.g., T. lathami , Myctophidae species (Doyle, ; Hempel & Weikert, ), and some physostomous fishes (e.g., Engraulidae species) that migrate to the surface, where they inhale air through their widely opened mouth, to inflate their gas bladder and may reduce sink rate (Landaeta & Castro, ).…”