Comparison of the bionic, fractal and holonic manufacturing system concepts

Agent-Based Systems for Manufacturing

“…Under the pressure of the above challenges, the transformations of manufacturing systems and organizations are already underway [29]. The need for novel organizational principles, structures and method has called forth various approaches [30] in the past decade, such as holonic [31] [32], fractal [33], random [34], biological [35], and multi-agent manufacturing systems [36], to name but those investigated by CIRP colleagues. All the above approaches are similar in that they assume network-like, dynamic, open and reconfigurable systems where decisions are made and production is carried out by more or less independent and cooperative partners.…”

Towards Adaptive Manufacturing Systems - Knowledge and Knowledge Management Systems

“…In such structures, each layer in the hierarchy supports and is supported by the adjacent layers. The components, including the part, communicate and inform each other of the decisions, Tharumarajah et al (1996) and Ueda et al (1997).…”

“…The second feature is dynamics where the fractals can adapt to influences from the environment without a formal organization structure. The third feature is self-similarity understood as similarity of goals among the fractals to conform the objectives in each unit Tharumarajah et al (1996) . • Holonic Manufacturing System (HMS): The core of HMS is derived from the principles behind the term 'holon'.…”

Error Recovery in Production Systems: A Petri Net Based Intelligent System Approach

“…In the Holonic, MetaMorph and RCS approaches the system has a set of fixed predefined goals. In the Fractal approach the agents negotiate their goals (Tharumarajah et al, 1996). Bionic architectures (Okino, 1993) do not set long-term goals but seek essentially adaptation to the environment.…”

“…The other approaches regard schedulers, planners, controllers and resources as agents, but exclude parts. It should be noted that the concept of Intelligent Agents was built around the ObjectOriented Programming (OOP) paradigm (Tharumarajah et al, 1996). The underlying principle of OOP is the encapsulation of attributes and methods into code units called classes.…”