Comparison of the Analgesic and Emetic Properties of Ketorolac and Morphine for Paediatric Outpatient Strabismus Surgery

Comparative effects of three doses of intravenous ketorolac or morphine on emesis and analgesia for restorative dental surgery in children

“…~,2 There are few trials using intravenous ketorolac after paediatric surgery and experience of its safety during the perioperative period are lacking, particularly in children. [3][4][5] Most studies in children have given ketorolac 0.9 mg. kg -1, but pharmacokinetic studies suggest a dose range of 0.8-1.5 mg-kg-t. 6,7 The expense of ketorolac has been the subject of recent controversy s,9 and, if lower doses are as effective, there may be considerable cost savings. In addition, in Europe, the initial adult dose of ketorolac has been reduced from 30 mg to 10 mg amid fears of the drug being linked with fatalities from gastrointestinal haemorrhage, particularly in elderly patients who had repeated doses.!…”

Comparative study of tramadol and piroxicam as analgesic for postoperative pain in patients operated for inguinal hernia and hydrocele

“…4 There is increasing interest in the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as analgesics for postoperative pain relief. 7 The aim of using such drugs is to reduce the requirements for opioids and thereby the frequency of unwanted side-effects, but also to improve the quality of pain relief. 8 NSAIDs are particularly effective when inflammation has caused sensitization of pain receptors to normally painless mechanical or chemical stimuli.…”

The efficacy of intravenous ketorolac for pain relief in single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

“…The effect of ketorolac has been evaluated in strabismus surgery; however, in these studies, the patients were under general or periocular anaesthesia. [11][12][13] We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of preoperative intravenous ketorolac in reducing intraoperative and postoperative pain and in improving patient satisfaction in patients undergoing one-stage adjustable strabismus surgery.…”

“…Ketorolac has proven to be effective in controlling perioperative pain and postoperative vomiting and nausea in strabismus and vitreoretinal surgeries. [8][9][10][11][12][13][23][24][25][26][27][28] As narcotics can cause excessive sedation in patients, resulting in respiratory depression and delayed discharge, ketorolac is preferred in the prevention and treatment of postoperative pain in strabismus patients.…”

“…As such, it was impossible to accurately evaluate intraoperative and postoperative pain scores in preverbal children. Studies comparing the effects of intravenous ketorolac to those of pethidine 27 and morphine 13 also showed that the efficacy of ketorolac was comparable to those of opioids; however, these studies had limitations similar to that of the study by Mendel et al 11 Morrison et al 12 reported that intravenous ketorolac given at the conclusion of surgery was more effective than either oral acetaminophen or oral ibuprofen given 30-45 min after strabismus surgery in controlling postoperative pain. In their study, the patients were older than 12 years of age and surgery was performed under either general inhalational anaesthesia or local periocular lidocaine anaesthesia.…”