Comparison of six media for the cultivation of Flexibacter columnaris.

Song, Yen-Ling; Fryer, J. L.; Rohovec, J. S.

doi:10.3147/jsfp.23.91

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Winogradskyella sp. bacteria were cultured in Sheih's broth (Song et al 1988) and Staphylococcus sp. bacteria were cultured in Todd Hewitt broth (Oxoid).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the bath, fish were transferred back to their respective systems and were maintained for 2 d to return to normal conditions. To establish baseline community structure, 2 fish from each group were euthanised as described previously and gill mucus and kidney samples were collected and inoculated onto a range of media including Sheih's medium (Song et al 1988), . Sampling procedures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of salmonid gill bacteria on development and severity of amoebic gill disease

Embar-Gopinath¹,

Bütler²,

Nowak³

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The relationship between salmonid gill bacteria and Neoparamoeba sp., the aetiological agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) was determined in vivo. Fish were divided into 4 groups and were subjected to following experimental infections: Group 1, amoebae only; Group 2, Staphylococcus sp. and amoebae; Group 3, Winogradskyella sp. and amoebae; Group 4, no treatment (control). Fish (Groups 1, 2 and 3) were exposed to potassium permanganate to remove the natural gill microflora prior to either bacterial or amoebae exposure. AGD severity was quantified by histological analysis of gill sections to determine the percentage of lesioned filaments and the number of affected lamellae within each lesion. All amoebae infected groups developed AGD, with fish in Group 3 showing significantly more filaments with lesions than other groups. Typically lesion size averaged between 2 to 4 interlamellar units in all AGD infected groups. The results suggest that the ability of Neoparamoeba sp. to infect filaments and cause lesions might be enhanced in the presence of Winogradskyella sp. The possibility is proposed that the prevalence of more severe AGD is due to the occurrence of Winogradskyella sp. at high concentrations on the gills.KEY WORDS: Neoparamoeba · Winogradskyella · AGD · Potassium permanganate · Protozoan diseases · Salmon diseases · Amoeba · Bacteria Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 67: [55][56][57][58][59][60] 2005 MATERIALS AND METHODS Fish. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. (n = 72; mean weight = 88 g) were acclimatised to sea water (35 ‰, 1 µm filtered) over a week in 6 identical recirculating systems each consisting of three 70 l tanks (n = 4 fish per tank) and a 70 l reservoir. A sentinel population (n = 12) of the same body weight was acclimatised in a static tank (210 l). Following acclimatisation, fish in the recirculating systems were divided into 3 treatment groups (n = 12 fish per treatment). Each treatment was duplicated. The 4th group was the sentinel population (n = 12). Fish in Group 1 were exposed to amoebae only (positive control); Group 2, Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus sp.) and amoebae; Group 3, Gram negative bacteria (Winogradskyella sp.) and amoebae; Group 4 did not receive any treatment. Sea water temperature was maintained at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 8.2, dissolved oxygen 7.6 mg l -1 , salinity 35 ‰ and total ammonia-nitrogen below 0.2 mg l -1 . Sufficient air supply was maintained in the tanks throughout the experiment by using aerators.Neoparamoeba sp. isolation. Neoparamoeba sp. were harvested from the AGD affected Atlantic salmon held in the Aquaculture Centre, University of Tasmania, Launceston by a method described by Morrison et al. (2004). In brief, infected gills were removed from AGD affected Atlantic salmon after euthanasia (anaesthetic overdose at 20 ml l -1 Aqui-S ® ). Gills were transported to the laboratory in sterile sea water (SS) containing antibiotic and antimycotic solution (5% v/v 5000 IU ml -1 penicillin and 5 mg...

show abstract

“…Winogradskyella sp. bacteria were cultured in Sheih's broth (Song et al 1988) and Staphylococcus sp. bacteria were cultured in Todd Hewitt broth (Oxoid).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of salmonid gill bacteria on development and severity of amoebic gill disease

Embar-Gopinath¹,

Bütler²,

Nowak³

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cultures for infection trials were prepared by inoculating 200 ml of Shieh's medium (Song et al 1988) formulated with seawater mineral salts buffer (MSB) in a 1 l conical flask and incubated with gentle agitation (30 cycles min -1 ) at 20 to 22°C for 48 h. The cell suspension was harvested by centrifugation at 2500 × g RCF for 20 min and the pellet washed twice with sterile seawater. Harvested cells were resuspended in 15 ml sterile seawater.…”

Section: Preparation Of Bacterial Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish surviving 48 h were euthanised with an overdose of clove oil (> 0.03 ml l -1 ). Mucus was swabbed from the gills of all dead and euthanised fish and streaked onto Sheih's marine agar plates (Song et al 1988). The gills were then removed and fixed in 10% seawater buffered formalin for histology.…”

Section: Preparation Of Bacterial Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gill abrasion and experimental infection with Tenacibaculum maritimum on the respiratory physiology of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar affected by amoebic gill disease

Powell

Harris²,

Carson³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of gill abrasion and experimental infection with Tenacibaculum maritimum were assessed in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with underlying amoebic gill disease. The respiratory and acid-base parameters arterial oxygen tension (P a O 2 ), arterial whole blood oxygen content (C a O 2 ), arterial pH (pH a ), haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations were measured at intervals over a 48 h recovery period following surgical cannulation of the dorsal aorta. Mortality rates over the recovery period were variable, with gill abrasion and inoculation with T. maritimum causing the highest initial mortality rate and unabraded, uninoculated controls showing the lowest overall mortality rate. Fish with abraded gills tended to show reduced P a O 2 and lower C a O 2 compared with unabraded fish. Infection with T. maritimum had no effect on P a O 2 or C a O 2 . All fish showed an initial alkalosis at 24 h post-surgery/inoculation which was more pronounced in fish inoculated with T. maritimum. There were no significant effects of gill abrasion or infection upon the ratio of oxygen specifically bound to haemoglobin or mean cellular haemoglobin concentration. Histologically, 48 h following surgery, abraded gills showed multifocal hyperplastic lesions with pronounced branchial congestion and telangiectasis, and those inoculated with T. maritimum exhibited focal areas of branchial necrosis and erosion associated with filamentous bacterial mats. All fish examined showed signs of amoebic gill disease with multifocal hyperplastic and spongious lesions with parasome-containing amoeba associated with the gill epithelium. The results suggest that respiratory compromise occurred as a consequence of gill abrasion rather than infection with T. maritimum.

show abstract

“…The virulence of these different morphotypes of the strain B067 was reported in an earlier study [27]. Throughout this study, Shieh medium with small modifications [47] was used for bacterial cultivations and as a basis of the nutrient-modified media. The bacteria of different colony morphotypes were stored frozen at -80 °C with 10% glycerol and 10% fetal calf serum.…”

Section: Flavobacterium Columnare Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogens shuttle between two substantially different environments: outside-host and within-host habitats. These environments differ from each other especially with respect to nutrient availability. Consequently, the pathogens are required to regulate their behavior in response to environmental cues in order to survive, but how nutrients control the virulence in opportunistic pathogens is still poorly understood. In this study we examined how nutrient level in the outside-host environment affects the gene expression of putative virulence factors of the opportunistic fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. The impact of environmental nutrient concentration on bacterial virulence was explored by cultivating the bacteria in various nutrient conditions, measuring the gene expression of putative virulence factors with RTqPCR, and finally, experimentally challenging rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry with these bacteria. Our results show that increased environmental nutrient concentration can increase the expression of putative virulence genes, chondroitinase (cslA) and collagenase, in the outside-host environment and may lead to more rapid fish mortality. These findings address that the environmental nutrients may act as significant triggers of virulence gene expression and therefore contribute to the interaction between an environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogen and its host.

show abstract

Comparison of six media for the cultivation of Flexibacter columnaris.

Cited by 86 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of salmonid gill bacteria on development and severity of amoebic gill disease

Influence of salmonid gill bacteria on development and severity of amoebic gill disease

Effects of gill abrasion and experimental infection with Tenacibaculum maritimum on the respiratory physiology of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar affected by amoebic gill disease

High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About