Comparison of Methods for the Quantitative Determination of Phospholipids in Lecithins and Flour Improvers

Abstract

Phospholipid classes were determined qualitatively and quantitatively in eight commercial lecithins and three flour improvers by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P NMR). The total amounts of phospholipids as well as the amounts of phospholipid classes in the samples were comparable but depended on the method used for quantification. Highest selectivity was provided by (31)P NMR as all phospholipids and lysophospholipids could easily be quantified. By TLC only lysophosphatidylcholine could not be quantified, whereas HPLC was the method with the lowest selectivity, because lysophospholipids, except lysophosphatidylethanolamine, could not be determined. Sensitivity was best for HPLC and TLC with detection limits of 20-170 mug/mL. By means of (31)P NMR these figures increased by a factor of 10-70. The coefficients of variation were 5.5, 6.8, and 12.8% for quantification by TLC, HPLC, and (31)P NMR, respectively, showing that TLC was the method with the best reproducibility. Altogether, (31)P NMR can be recommended for the quantification of phospholipids, because it is easy to perform and results can be obtained quickly. As it requires minimum instrumental equipment, TLC is a good alternative to (31)P NMR. If high sensitivity is required, HPLC is the best method.

Determination of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species in various food matrices by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS2)

“…For example, Pacetti et al [9] used chloroform-methanol-30% aqueous ammonia 80:19.5:0.5 (v/v) and chloroform-methanol-water-30% aqueous ammonia 60:34:5.5:0.5 (v/v) as mobile phases to separate the PL classes of avocado. Helmerich and Koehler [10] used 2-propanol-n-hexane-0.1% aqueous formic acid 8:8:1 (v/v) for determination and quantification of the PL classes of lecithins. Boukhchina et al [11] used a gradient prepared from hexane-2-propanol-acetic acid-triethylamine 82:17:1.0:0.08 (v/v) and 2-propanol-water-acetic acid-triethylamine 85:14:1.0:0.08 (v/v) to identify PL classes in rapeseeds, olives, almonds, and sunflower oils.…”

Dietary Phospholipids and Phytostrerols: A Review on Some Nigerian Vegetable Oils

“…On the other hand, the demand for fast and reliable quantitative screening methods of complex food matrix extracts has led to the development of more widely applicable detection strategies. With regard to this, the analysis of phospholipids has been performed by several different methods, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [21,22,23], highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [24,25,26,27] and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [28,29,30]. In earlier articles, the lipid quantification had been performed exclusively by TLC, but the method has several disadvantages; namely, the separation of individual classes is very difficult and time consuming, and the technique is not always accurate.…”

Identification and Quantification of Natural Lecithin Phospholipids and Their Residuals in Freeze-Dried and Drum-Dried Fruits and Vegetables by LC-MS and HPLC-ELSD

“…With regards to lecithin analysis, several methods have historically been used by researchers in order to identify and quantify phospholipids in different sample matrices (Krüger, Bürmannm & Morlock, 2015;Carelli, Brevedan & Crapiste, 1997;Sparace & Moore, 1979;Block, Borne, Joyard & Douce, 1983;Dorne, Joyard, Block & Douce, 1985;Jangle, Galge, Patil & Thorat, 2013;Jungalwala, Evans & McCluer, 1984;McDonald, Robin & Siegel, 1981;Prabha, Raina & Patwardhan, 1988;Robins & Patton, 1986). Thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used to analyze phospholipids (Helmerich & Koehler, 2003). Detectors such as refractive index (RI), ultraviolet (UV), mass spectrometry and evaporative light scattering detectors have been used to test for phospholipids (Picchioni, Watada & Whitaker, 1996;Letter, 1992;Becart, Chevalier & Blesse, 1990).…”