Comparison of methamphetamine concentrations in oral fluid, urine and hair of twelve drug abusers using solid-phase extraction and GC-MS

Abstract

-Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) is the most abused drug in Korea. In order to investigate the correlation of MA disposition in oral fluid, urine and hair specimens, quantitative analysis for MA and its main metabolite amphetamine (AM) was performed. Methods: Twelve drug abuser's oral fluid, urine and hair samples, submitted by the Police for drug testing, were used. As the preliminary test, MA was screened in urine and oral fluid by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Extraction for MA was performed using solid-phase extraction after dilution with phosphate buffer. Hair samples were finely cut and incubated for 20 h in 1 mL methanol. Samples were derivatized with pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride for oral fluids and urines and trifluoroacetic acid anhydride for hairs. Quantitation of MA and AM was performed by GC-MS using SIM mode for oral fluids and hairs and full scan mode for urines. Results and conclusion: Concentrations of MA and AM in twelve urine samples ranged 120.4-73 216.0 and 67.6-4238.4 ng/mL, respectively. For oral fluids, just one sample gave negative result, and concentrations of MA and AM in eleven samples ranged 104.2-4603.3 and 32.4-268.6 ng/mL, respectively. For hairs, the concentrations of MA and AM were 3.40-98.25 and 0.21-4.35 ng/mg, respectively in twelve samples. The average ratios of AM/MA in urine, oral fluid and hair for eleven samples were 0.12, 0.11 and 0.06, respectively. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference of AM/MA ratios between three specimens. Multiple comparison by Tukey method, AM/MA ratio of hair was significantly lower than urine and oral fluid. a montré une différence significative des ratios métabolite/métamphétamine entre 3 matrices. Une seconde comparaison par le test de Tukey a montré que le ratio métabolite/métamphétamine pour les cheveux était significativement plus faible que pour la salive et les urines.

The dependence of the incorporation of methamphetamine into rat hair on dose, frequency of administration and hair pigmentation

“…The high frequency caused high AP/MA ratios in rat urine because MA gradually decreased according to frequency. The AP/MA ratios in urine were 10-20 times higher than hair, which was consistent with the report of Kim et al [36]. In their report, they suggested some possible factors for consideration.…”

Development and validation of a GC-MS method for determination of amphetamine-type stimulants and ketamine in human hair

“…The appropriate derivative reagents for AM, MA, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, PMA, DOB, KET, and NKT are acylation reagent. For instance TFAA 21 , PFPA 22 , pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC) 23 , N-methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA) 24 , HFBA 25 , and silylation reagent such as N-methyl-N-t-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) 26 . Most of the above derivatizing reagents react well with ATSs, except ketamine.…”

Extraction Procedures for Hair Forensic Toxicological Analysis: A Mini-Review

“…Pubic hair, arm hair, and axillary hair are possible alternative sources for drug detection when scalp hair is not available, however, interpretation is more complex due to observed differences on the deposition and the ratio of drug metabolites to parent compounds from different anatomical body sites . Pubic hair is often analyzed as an alternative when scalp hair is not available or in addition to scalp hair, however, concentrations between pubic and scalp hair are significantly different. − Pubic hair can be an alternative to prove previous drug use, keeping in mind that higher quantitative results in pubic hair do not necessarily represent heavier drug use …”