Comparison of loline alkaloid gene clusters across fungal endophytes: Predicting the co-regulatory sequence motifs and the evolutionary history

Kutil, Brandi L.; Greenwald, Charles; Liu, Gang; Spiering, Martin J.; Schardl, Christopher L.; Wilkinson, Heather H.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2007.04.003

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…the extant species E. typhina which express loline alkaloids (Leuchtmann et al 2000). Thus, these data support a model of evolution in which the polymorphism in loline alkaloid production phenotypes among endophytic species is likely due to the loss of the trait over time (Kutil et al 2007). …”

Section: Loline Alkaloids (La)supporting

confidence: 75%

“…On the contrary, it contributed to further identification of single LOL gene clusters in Epichloe¨festucae, Neotyphodium sp. PauTG-1 and Neotyphodium coenophialum (Kutil et al 2007). …”

Section: Loline Alkaloids (La)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative maps of LOL gene cluster(s) from four endophyte species; the shaded boxes in the E. festucae map indicate regions with homology to pol proteins; disconnected contig lines indicate genes that are sequenced, but not anchored to other lol genes; the contig of sequence known for this region in E. festucae continues beyond the boundaries shown; arrows along the bottom of the diagram indicate locations of putative promoter regions analyzed in the motif analysis (Kutil et al 2007). …”

Section: Ergopeptinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Staniek

Woerdenbag

Kayser

2008

Journal of Plant Interactions

130

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Endophytes, microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of all plant species, create a huge biodiversity with yet unknown novel natural products, presumed to push forward the frontiers of drug discovery. Next to the clinically acknowledged antineoplastic agent, paclitaxel, endophyte research has yielded potential drug lead compounds with antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, insulin mimetic, anti-neurodegenerative and immunosuppressant properties. Furthermore, while being implicated in livestock neurotoxicosis, some endophyte-produced alkaloids have been shown to display insecticidal activity. The endophyte-host relationship is postulated to be a 'balanced antagonism'. Moreover, the plausibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) hypothesis is taken into account. Knowledge of the genetic background of endophytic natural product biosynthesis is discussed on the basis of loline alkaloids, ergopeptines, lolitrems and maytansinoids. The current dynamic progress in genomics will contribute to a better understanding of endophytic microbes and to further exploiting them as a source of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

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Section: Loline Alkaloids (La)supporting

confidence: 75%

“…On the contrary, it contributed to further identification of single LOL gene clusters in Epichloe¨festucae, Neotyphodium sp. PauTG-1 and Neotyphodium coenophialum (Kutil et al 2007). …”

Section: Loline Alkaloids (La)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ergopeptinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Staniek

Woerdenbag

Kayser

2008

Journal of Plant Interactions

130

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“…Therefore, LOL2 should be poorly amplified from N. siegelii with LOL1-specific primers. Conversely, specificity of the primer and probe sets for N. uncinatum LOL1 genes was checked with RNA from the TF-Neotyphodium coenophialum symbiotum because the N. coenophialum LOL gene sequences are nearly identical to the N. uncinatum LOL2 genes (Kutil et al, 2007).…”

Section: Taqman Primer and Probe Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neotyphodium uncinatum contains two highly similar LOL clusters (LOL1 and LOL2), and a single LOL cluster has been found in each of the LA-producing species, Neotyphodium coenophialum, Neotyphodium siegelii, and some strains of Epichloë festucae, among others (Spiering et al, 2005;Kutil et al, 2007). Fermentation cultures of N. uncinatum produce lolines, and studies involving application of labeled precursors and intermediates have almost completely elucidated the LA biosynthetic pathway (Blankenship et al, 2005;Spiering et al, 2005;Faulkner et al, 2006;Schardl et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of a Chemical Defense against Herbivory Produced by Symbiotic Fungi in Grass Plants

2009

Self Cite

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Neotyphodium uncinatum and Neotyphodium siegelii are fungal symbionts (endophytes) of meadow fescue (MF; Lolium pratense), which they protect from insects by producing loline alkaloids. High levels of lolines are produced following insect damage or mock herbivory (clipping). Although loline alkaloid levels were greatly elevated in regrowth after clipping, loline-alkaloid biosynthesis (LOL) gene expression in regrowth and basal tissues was similar to unclipped controls. The dramatic increase of lolines in regrowth reflected the much higher concentrations in young (center) versus older (outer) leaf blades, so LOL gene expression was compared in these tissues. In MF-N. siegelii, LOL gene expression was similar in younger and older leaf blades, whereas expression of N. uncinatum LOL genes and some associated biosynthesis genes was higher in younger than older leaf blades. Because lolines are derived from amino acids that are mobilized to new growth, we tested the amino acid levels in center and outer leaf blades. Younger leaf blades of aposymbiotic plants (no endophyte present) had significantly higher levels of asparagine and sometimes glutamine compared to older leaf blades. The amino acid levels were much lower in MF-N. siegelii and MF-N. uncinatum compared to aposymbiotic plants and MF with Epichloë festucae (a closely related symbiont), which lacked lolines. We conclude that loline alkaloid production in young tissue depleted these amino acid pools and was apparently regulated by availability of the amino acid substrates. As a result, lolines maximally protect young host tissues in a fashion similar to endogenous plant metabolites that conform to optimal defense theory.

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Epichloë Endophytes: Clavicipitaceous Symbionts of Grasses

Schardl¹,

Balestrini²,

Florea³

et al.

The Mycota

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Comparison of loline alkaloid gene clusters across fungal endophytes: Predicting the co-regulatory sequence motifs and the evolutionary history

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Regulation of a Chemical Defense against Herbivory Produced by Symbiotic Fungi in Grass Plants

Epichloë Endophytes: Clavicipitaceous Symbionts of Grasses

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