Comparison of Intertypic Antigenicity of Aino Virus Isolates by Dot Immunobinding Assay Using Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies

Abstract

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the Aino virus were prepared, and the neutralizing epitopes of the virus were defined by competitive binding assay. Seven continuous and overlapping neutralizing epitopes existed on the G1 glycoprotein of the Aino virus. Two antigenic domains were identified and were designated I and II, with domain II consisting of six epitopes. Dot immunobinding assays (DIAs) were performed with MAbs that recognized these seven neutralizing epitopes. DIAs were performed with 1 Australian strain and 21 isolates found in Japan between the years 1964 and 1995. The MAb response patterns of all isolates were divided into four groups. The Japanese isolates did not show large differences in antigenicity, but the antigenicity of the Australian strain collected in 1968 was significantly different from that of the Japanese strains; the Australian strain lacked reactivity to three epitopes and showed only low reactivity to one epitope.

Factors associated with seropositivity to Aino virus among sheep and goats in South Korea

“…Orthobunyaviruses are widely distributed in the temperate and tropical areas of the world, and some of them induce subclinical or clinical illnesses in animals (Porterfield and Della-Porta, 1981;Parsonson and McPhee, 1985). Aino virus infection is responsible for epizootic and/or sporadic outbreaks of abortions, stillbirths, and premature delivery among pregnant ruminants (Coverdale et al, 1978;Yoshida et al, 2000). Aino virus has been considered a probable cause of congenital malformation characterised by arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in cattle, sheep and goats (Coverdale et al, 1978;Brenner et al, 2004).…”

“…Aino virus has been considered a probable cause of congenital malformation characterised by arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in cattle, sheep and goats (Coverdale et al, 1978;Brenner et al, 2004). It is transmitted by haematophagous arthropod vectors, such as Culicoides biting midges and mosquitoes, and is widely distributed in the temperate-to-tropical regions, including Asia and Australia (Doherty, 1972;Coverdale et al, 1978;Miura et al, 1982;Yoshida et al, 2000;Jun et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019).…”

Seroepidemiology of Aino Virus in Farmed and Free-Ranging Cervids in the Republic of Korea

“…Hydranencephaly or arthrogryposis, unilateral cavitation in the cerebrum, severe hydranencephaly and arthrogryposis, microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia can be included in the symptoms of Aino virus. The type of abnormality may be associated with the time of infection of the fetus; early infection is related to hydranencephaly, while later infection is related to arthrogryposis (3)(4)(5). It is transmitted by blood-sucking midges and is distributed worldwide in temperate-to-tropical regions, including Asia and Australia (3,4,(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

“…The type of abnormality may be associated with the time of infection of the fetus; early infection is related to hydranencephaly, while later infection is related to arthrogryposis (3)(4)(5). It is transmitted by blood-sucking midges and is distributed worldwide in temperate-to-tropical regions, including Asia and Australia (3,4,(6)(7)(8)(9).…”