Comparison of HPLC and CE for the analysis of dichlorprop in a case of intoxication

Abstract

A 49-year-old white male was found lying unconscious at home. He had vomited, his mouth was filled with a white foam and a pungent odour filled the room. After emergency treatment blood, urine and stomach contents were screened for drugs after acid and alkaline extraction with subsequent derivatisation and GC-MS analysis. Large quantites of 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (dichlorprop, 2,4-DP) were found in all acid extracts. The man died 3 h later in hospital. Body fluids and tissues obtained at autopsy were analysed for 2,4-DP by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The concentrations of 2,4-DP in cardiac blood, stomach contents, bile, liver, spleen, kidney and brain found by both methods were very similar.

Capillary electrophoresis and herbicide analysis: Present and future perspectives

“…by CE makes mandatory total or partial dissolution of the target solid (digestion or leaching, respectively) before introduction into the capillary. In recent years, the number of publications dealing with herbicides and clinical samples, mainly related to accidental or provoked poisoning, has increased .…”

“…The work from Hernández‐Borges et al in 2004 showed that most of the studies in the field CE–herbicides were devoted to liquid samples , many of them being water spiked with the target herbicides . In fact, few methods deal with complex solid samples such as soils , vegetables , seeds , food , or complex liquids like juice , oils , soy milk , urine , or blood . It can be said that about 60% of the published methods have been applied to aqueous samples and only a 40% to solid or complex liquid samples.…”

Capillary electrophoresis and herbicide analysis: Present and future perspectives

“…by CE makes mandatory total or partial dissolution of the target solid (digestion or leaching, respectively) before introduction into the capillary. In recent years, the number of publications dealing with herbicides and clinical samples, mainly related to accidental or provoked poisoning, has increased .…”

“…The work from Hernández‐Borges et al in 2004 showed that most of the studies in the field CE–herbicides were devoted to liquid samples , many of them being water spiked with the target herbicides . In fact, few methods deal with complex solid samples such as soils , vegetables , seeds , food , or complex liquids like juice , oils , soy milk , urine , or blood . It can be said that about 60% of the published methods have been applied to aqueous samples and only a 40% to solid or complex liquid samples.…”

An all-solid-state potentiometric sensor for dichlorprop based on molecularly imprinted membranes and rGO-modified screen-printed electrodes

“…8,9 Despite their analytical strength, chromatographic methods have several limitations in routine or eld-deployable monitoring, including: (i) time-consuming sample preparation (extraction/cleanup), (ii) requirement for expensive instrumentation and skilled operators, (iii) solvent consumption and laboratory infrastructure, and (iv) reduced practicality for rapid, on-site screening. 10 In addition, GC-based analysis is oen less straightforward for phenoxy acids unless derivatization is applied, increasing complexity and potential errors. [11][12][13][14][15] Electrochemical sensors, particularly ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), are widely regarded as powerful alternatives for rapid monitoring due to their low cost, portability, elimination of separation steps, and minimal sensitivity to sample color or turbidity.…”

Forensic toxicological implication of acute fatal poisoning cases due to benfuracarb ingestion

“…1), one of the main metabolites and almost completely excreted in the urine and faeces within 7 days [2]. Rare fatal cases due to pesticide have been recently reported [6][7][8][9]. Because benfuracarb is widely used and has a high toxicity, there is the possibility of fatal poisoning due to accidental ingestion or for suicidal or homicidal purposes.…”

Capillary electrophoresis and herbicide analysis: Present and future perspectives

“…by CE makes mandatory total or partial dissolution of the target solid (digestion or leaching, respectively) before introduction into the capillary. In recent years, the number of publications dealing with herbicides and clinical samples, mainly related to accidental or provoked poisoning, has increased .…”

“…The work from Hernández‐Borges et al in 2004 showed that most of the studies in the field CE–herbicides were devoted to liquid samples , many of them being water spiked with the target herbicides . In fact, few methods deal with complex solid samples such as soils , vegetables , seeds , food , or complex liquids like juice , oils , soy milk , urine , or blood . It can be said that about 60% of the published methods have been applied to aqueous samples and only a 40% to solid or complex liquid samples.…”

An all-solid-state potentiometric sensor for dichlorprop based on molecularly imprinted membranes and rGO-modified screen-printed electrodes

“…8,9 Despite their analytical strength, chromatographic methods have several limitations in routine or eld-deployable monitoring, including: (i) time-consuming sample preparation (extraction/cleanup), (ii) requirement for expensive instrumentation and skilled operators, (iii) solvent consumption and laboratory infrastructure, and (iv) reduced practicality for rapid, on-site screening. 10 In addition, GC-based analysis is oen less straightforward for phenoxy acids unless derivatization is applied, increasing complexity and potential errors. [11][12][13][14][15] Electrochemical sensors, particularly ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), are widely regarded as powerful alternatives for rapid monitoring due to their low cost, portability, elimination of separation steps, and minimal sensitivity to sample color or turbidity.…”

Forensic toxicological implication of acute fatal poisoning cases due to benfuracarb ingestion

“…1), one of the main metabolites and almost completely excreted in the urine and faeces within 7 days [2]. Rare fatal cases due to pesticide have been recently reported [6][7][8][9]. Because benfuracarb is widely used and has a high toxicity, there is the possibility of fatal poisoning due to accidental ingestion or for suicidal or homicidal purposes.…”

Capillary electrophoresis and herbicide analysis: Present and future perspectives

“…by CE makes mandatory total or partial dissolution of the target solid (digestion or leaching, respectively) before introduction into the capillary. In recent years, the number of publications dealing with herbicides and clinical samples, mainly related to accidental or provoked poisoning, has increased .…”

“…The work from Hernández‐Borges et al in 2004 showed that most of the studies in the field CE–herbicides were devoted to liquid samples , many of them being water spiked with the target herbicides . In fact, few methods deal with complex solid samples such as soils , vegetables , seeds , food , or complex liquids like juice , oils , soy milk , urine , or blood . It can be said that about 60% of the published methods have been applied to aqueous samples and only a 40% to solid or complex liquid samples.…”

An all-solid-state potentiometric sensor for dichlorprop based on molecularly imprinted membranes and rGO-modified screen-printed electrodes

“…8,9 Despite their analytical strength, chromatographic methods have several limitations in routine or eld-deployable monitoring, including: (i) time-consuming sample preparation (extraction/cleanup), (ii) requirement for expensive instrumentation and skilled operators, (iii) solvent consumption and laboratory infrastructure, and (iv) reduced practicality for rapid, on-site screening. 10 In addition, GC-based analysis is oen less straightforward for phenoxy acids unless derivatization is applied, increasing complexity and potential errors. [11][12][13][14][15] Electrochemical sensors, particularly ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), are widely regarded as powerful alternatives for rapid monitoring due to their low cost, portability, elimination of separation steps, and minimal sensitivity to sample color or turbidity.…”

Forensic toxicological implication of acute fatal poisoning cases due to benfuracarb ingestion

“…1), one of the main metabolites and almost completely excreted in the urine and faeces within 7 days [2]. Rare fatal cases due to pesticide have been recently reported [6][7][8][9]. Because benfuracarb is widely used and has a high toxicity, there is the possibility of fatal poisoning due to accidental ingestion or for suicidal or homicidal purposes.…”