Comparison of dynamics in 3D glenohumeral position between primary dislocated shoulders and contralateral healthy shoulders

Abstract

A B S T R A C TBackgrounds: After shoulder dislocation, kinematic changes in shoulder, including translation of the humeral head, ensue. There have been many attempts to measure these changes using motion measurement techniques, but in vivo three-dimensional (3D) glenohumeral changes have not been appreciated until now. The purpose of this study was to measure and analyze changes in glenohumeral translation in patients with shoulder dislocation and compare these changes with healthy shoulder. Methods: We included 20 subjects who had suffered shoulder dislocation for first time, and 3D models of their humerus and scapula were obtained using computed tomography and fluoroscopic images during scapular plane abduction and external rotation of shoulder with elbow flexed at 90and arm abducted at 90. We measured the superior/inferior (SI) and anterior/posterior (AP) translations for both shoulders. Results: No statistically significant difference between healthy and dislocated shoulders was detected in SI translation for scapular plane abduction with increasing elevation angles. In AP translation, the humeral head was located 2.29 mm more anteriorly in the dislocated shoulder than in the healthy shoulder. However, no statistically significant difference was seen. For internal to external rotation, the angle of the rotated arm had an effect on AP translation. However, no statistically significant difference was detected. In the apprehension test, there was no significant difference in the mean value of AP translation. Conclusion: Compared with the contralateral healthy shoulder, changes in glenohumeral translation during in vivo movement after shoulder dislocation were found to be non-significant.

Anterior-posterior glenohumeral translation in shoulders with traumatic anterior instability: a systematic review of the literature

“… MRI Kiss (1997) 28 case-control ☆☆ ☆☆ 4/9 stars Reproducibility from 2 measurements (2 SD): 0.76 mm for internal rotation, 0.28 mm for external rotation, 1.52 mm for overhead position. von Eisenhart-Rothe (2002) 9 case-control ☆☆☆ ☆☆ † ☆☆☆ 8/9 stars N/A CT Kim (2017) 27 case-control ☆☆☆ ☆☆ † ☆☆ 7/9 stars Estimated root-mean-square errors (RMSE): 0.43 mm for the in-plane direction, 1.53 mm for the out-of-plane direction. Matsumura (2019) 35 case-control ☆☆☆ ☆☆ † ☆☆☆ 8/9 stars Reportedly not validated.…”

“… 3 , 39 Recurrent as well as first-time events can give rise to chronic shoulder instability and diminished shoulder and upper limb function. 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 23 , 27 , 31 , 43 Ultimately, shoulder instability can reduce quality of life. 18 , 36 …”

Ultrasonographic Assessment of Glenohumeral Joint Stability Immediately After Arthroscopic Bankart-Bristow Procedure

“…4,13 A previous study using 3-and 2-dimensional model image registration techniques showed that the center of the humeral head was located 2.3 mm more anteriorly in cases of traumatic anterior shoulder instability at 20 of shoulder abduction with neutral rotation than in the contralateral side. 9 Another study using magnetic resonance imaging showed that the center of the humeral head was located 1.5 mm more anteriorly in traumatic anterior shoulder instability, at 90 of shoulder abduction with neutral rotation, than on the contralateral side. 26 In addition, various studies have investigated the humeral head position several months after surgery.…”

“…It has been reported that the center of the humeral head is located anteriorly in anterior shoulder instability 9 , 26 and that the pathological position of the humeral head could be a cause of discomfort, anxiety, and/or a painful shoulder. 4 , 13 A previous study using 3- and 2-dimensional model image registration techniques showed that the center of the humeral head was located 2.3 mm more anteriorly in cases of traumatic anterior shoulder instability at 20° of shoulder abduction with neutral rotation than in the contralateral side.…”

Three-dimensional measurements of scapular kinematics: Interrater reliability and validation of a skin marker-based model against an intracortical pin model

“…Ethical considerations, in line with previous studies, led to recruitment of eight volunteers to participate in the invasive validation experiment [ [23] , [24] , [25] ]. The guidelines published by Koo et al, in 2016 were used to indicate the level of reliability [ 16 ].…”