Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples

Horvat, Milena; Lian, Liang; Bloom, Nicolas S.

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(93)80364-q

Cited by 490 publications

(164 citation statements)

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“…Initial attempts to avoid either MMHg distillation or extraction steps by direct ethylation of MMHg with NaTEB were inefficient, recovering 5% to 60% of added MMHg (Horvat et al 1993). However, a method has recently been developed to detect MMHg from direct ethylation of 2 L volumes of seawater ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Analytical methods, based on ethylation, to quantify MMHg, including the US EPA Standard Method 1630, require separation of MMHg from its environmental matrix. Either solvent extraction (Bloom 1989;Horvat et al 1993) or distillation (Horvat et al 1993) methods are commonly used to isolate MMHg for analysis. Following separation, MMHg is volatilized through derivitizaton, most commonly by addition of the ethylating agent sodium tetraethylborate (NaTEB) to form gaseous methylethylHg.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of monomethylmercury from seawater with ascorbic acid‐assisted direct ethylation

Munson

Babi²,

Lamborg

2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We developed a technique to measure monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations from small volumes (180 mL) of seawater at low femtomolar concentrations using direct ethylation derivitization, decreasing the required volume by 90% from current methods while maintaining a 5 fM detection limit. In this method, addition of ascorbic acid before derivitization of MMHg allows for full recovery of MMHg from the seawater matrix without the need for sample distillation or extraction. The small sample size and relative ease of detection are ideal both for shipboard as well as shore‐based measurements of preserved MMHg samples. Combined with shipboard determination of dimethylmercury (DMHg) and elemental mercury (Hg(0)), this method can be used to determine full marine mercury speciation.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of monomethylmercury from seawater with ascorbic acid‐assisted direct ethylation

Munson

Babi²,

Lamborg

2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…Most of the published methods for mercury speciation in environmental samples are based on the Westöö procedure 7 (an acid leaching method), solvent extraction, 8 -11 distillation, 8,12,13 or modification of Westöö methodology 14 (alkaline-based leaching) and supercritical fluid extraction. 15 The most widely used separation techniques are: gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with element-selective detection techniques such as atomic emission spectrometry (AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or cold vapor AAS (CV-AAS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of isotopically enriched methylmercury (CH₃²⁰¹Hg⁺)

Rahman

Kingston

Bhandari

2003

Applied Organom Chemis

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A simple procedure for the synthesis of an important standard, isotopically enriched methylmercury, which is not commercially available, has been established successfully. The isotopically enriched standard synthesized is utilized in conventional isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), as well as in speciated IDMS (SIDMS), for determination of the true concentration of methylmercury in environmental samples. The CH 3 201 Hg + standard has been synthesized from commercially available 201 HgO and tetramethyltin. The synthesis time required is 1 h at 60 • C. The product is highly pure, yielding more than 90% as 201 Hg in CH 3 201 Hg + . Hazardous dimethylmercury does not occur during this synthesis procedure. The product synthesized was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP-MS alone in order to determine its concentration, isotopic composition and purity. The stability of the product was also evaluated for over 6 months and found to be stable at 4 • C in the dark. The isotopically enriched methylmercury synthesized can be used in SIDMS and IDMS analyses as a standard.

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“…Therefore, a simpler and more rapid speciation analysis method for the measurement of mercury species in water and biological samples is highly desirable. [8][9][10] Various speciation analysis methods for the measurement of organo-mercury species have been developed; however, at present, most methods for mercury in water and biological samples are based on gas-or liquid-chromatography separation in conjunction with a mercury-specific detector, such as atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS), 11 atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS), [12][13][14][15] or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). [16][17][18] The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for mercury speciation has the advantages of straightforward sample preparation and flexible separation conditions in comparison to GC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Determination Method for Mercury Ion, Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Phenyl-mercury in Water and Biological Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection

et al. 2012

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A sensitive determination method for mercury speciation analysis was developed. Four mercury species, mercury ion, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and phenylmercury, were complexed with emetine-dithiocarbamate (emetine-CS2), and then injected onto a HPLC instrument coupled with a tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) chemiluminescence detection system. The emetine-CS2 complexing agent was effectively used to measure the concentration in addition to serving as a separation and detection reagent. The calibration curves for these mercury complexes were linear in the range of 0.050 -10 μg L -1 (as Hg). The limit of detection for (emetine-CS2)2Hg, emetine-CS2-methylmercury, emetine-CS2-ethylmercury, and emetine-CS2-phenylmercury were 30, 17, 21, and 22 ng L -1 , respectively. The sensitivity of this method enables the determination of mercury species in water samples at sub-ppb levels. Furthermore, the method was applied to biological samples in combination with acid leaching and liquid-liquid extraction using emetine-CS2 as an extraction reagent. The determination results were in good agreement with the values of the certified reference materials.

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Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples

Cited by 490 publications

References 29 publications

Determination of monomethylmercury from seawater with ascorbic acid‐assisted direct ethylation

Determination of monomethylmercury from seawater with ascorbic acid‐assisted direct ethylation

Synthesis and characterization of isotopically enriched methylmercury (CH₃²⁰¹Hg⁺)

Sensitive Determination Method for Mercury Ion, Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Phenyl-mercury in Water and Biological Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection

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Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples

Cited by 490 publications

References 29 publications

Determination of monomethylmercury from seawater with ascorbic acid‐assisted direct ethylation

Determination of monomethylmercury from seawater with ascorbic acid‐assisted direct ethylation

Synthesis and characterization of isotopically enriched methylmercury (CH3201Hg+)

Sensitive Determination Method for Mercury Ion, Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Phenyl-mercury in Water and Biological Samples Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection

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Synthesis and characterization of isotopically enriched methylmercury (CH₃²⁰¹Hg⁺)