Comparison of different cooling methods for lithium ion battery cells

Abstract

Performed 3Delectrochemical-thermal modeling of four battery cooling methods 2)Thermal performance of direct air cooling, direct liquid cooling, indirect (jacket) liquid and fin coolingare compared 3) Merits and limitations of each cooling method for occupying a fixed volume are summarized 4) Temperaturerise for a fixed load is lower with direct or indirect liquid cooling lower than air and fin cooling. Abstract Choosing a proper cooling method for a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack for electric drive vehicles (EDVs) and making an optimal cooling control strategy to keep the temperature at a optimal range of 15°C to 35°C is essential to increasing safety, extending the pack service life, and reducing costs. When choosing a cooling method and developing strategies, trade-offs need to be made among many facets such as costs, complexity, weight, cooling effects, temperature uniformity, and parasitic power. This paper considers four cell-cooling methods: air cooling, direct liquid cooling, indirect liquid cooling, and fin cooling. To evaluate their effectiveness, these methods are assessed using a typical large capacity Li-ion pouch cell designed for EDVs from the perspective of coolant parasitic power consumption, maximum temperature rise, temperature difference in a cell, and additional weight used for the cooling system. We use a state-of-the-art Li-ion battery electro-chemical thermal model. The results show that under our assumption an air-cooling system needs 2 to 3 more energy than other methods to keep the same average temperature; an indirect liquid cooling system has the lowest maximum temperature rise; and a fin cooling system adds about 40% extra weight of cell, which weighs most, when the four kinds cooling methods have the same volume. Indirect liquid cooling is more practical form than direct liquid cooling though it has slightly lower cooling performance.

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

“…It is generally wellknown that considering the different cooling media, the battery thermal management (BTM) approaches can be summarized as follows: air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pipes and PCM cooling [89][90][91][92][93][94]. Different BTM methods each have their limitations and merits [93]. …”

An experimental investigation of liquid cooling scheduling for a battery module

“…Wang et al investigated the thermal performance of a battery pack with different cell configurations, and the uniformity of temperature distribution was influenced by the position of the fan. Chen et al carried out an elaborate comparison among some commonly used cooling methods (air cooling, liquid cooling, and fin cooling). Results showed that air cooling consumed two to three times more energy, and for fin cooling, the weight of the whole module increased 40% than liquid cooling, which proved the efficiency of liquid cooling.…”

Multi‐parameter structure design of parallel mini‐channel cold plate for battery thermal management

“…There are two cooling modes in a liquid‐cooled system, including direct cooling and indirect cooling . The performance of the direct cooling is generally better than that of the indirect cooling, benefited from the coolant in direct contact with the battery pack . However, the direct liquid‐cooled system requires the coolant to possess excellent physical and chemical properties such as excellent insulation, nontoxic, and noncorrosive.…”