Comparison of Cryptococcal and Tuberculous Meningitis

Clinical and Laboratory Factors in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculous and Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adult HIV-negative Patients

“…We used a cutoff value of 4 in the ROC analysis because it provided acceptable sensitivity (78%) with the greatest specificity (95.2%). According to this and other studies (19,20), mental disorders are a more common finding in patients with TBM than in those with CM. Several possible mechanisms are implicated in the abnormal mental state of TBM patients, including brain parenchyma and blood vessel involvement.…”

Clinical and Laboratory Factors in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculous and Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adult HIV-negative Patients

“…We used a cutoff value of 4 in the ROC analysis because it provided acceptable sensitivity (78%) with the greatest specificity (95.2%). According to this and other studies (19,20), mental disorders are a more common finding in patients with TBM than in those with CM. Several possible mechanisms are implicated in the abnormal mental state of TBM patients, including brain parenchyma and blood vessel involvement.…”

A review of tuberculous meningitis at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand

“…15 When present, severe hyponatraemia helps to distinguish tuberculous meningitis from other causes of chronic meningitis, but other blood tests are usually unhelpful. 4,12,15,19,20 The typical CSF profile of tuberculous meningitis is a mild to moderate lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein and reduced glucose concentration, 11,18,29 but exceptions were common in our patients. The CSF leukocyte count and protein concentration occasionally were normal, polymorphs outnumbered lymphocytes in 22% of the patients and the CSF glucose was normal in one-third.…”

Co-Infection of Cryptococcal and Multidrug Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis in Immunocompetent Patient

“…Cryptococcal meningitis though occurs in immunocompromised patients, it has also been reported in apparently immunocompetent persons [13]. Stockstill MT, et al observed that in his study, all the patients with cryptococcal meningitis had an underlying immunosuppressive condition such as corticosteroid therapy, cytotoxic drug therapy, hematologic malignancy, renal transplant, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus and sarcoidosis [11].…”

“…A lowered host resistance due to a pre-existing chronic disease may be a triggering factor. Some authors have shown that cryptococcal meningitis is more likely to occur in patients with underlying immunosuppressive conditions [5,11]. The cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients usually manifests when they have lower CD4 cell count which contributes to subtle symptoms and CSF findings in them [12].…”

Clinical and Laboratory Factors in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculous and Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adult HIV-negative Patients

“…We used a cutoff value of 4 in the ROC analysis because it provided acceptable sensitivity (78%) with the greatest specificity (95.2%). According to this and other studies (19,20), mental disorders are a more common finding in patients with TBM than in those with CM. Several possible mechanisms are implicated in the abnormal mental state of TBM patients, including brain parenchyma and blood vessel involvement.…”

A review of tuberculous meningitis at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand

“…15 When present, severe hyponatraemia helps to distinguish tuberculous meningitis from other causes of chronic meningitis, but other blood tests are usually unhelpful. 4,12,15,19,20 The typical CSF profile of tuberculous meningitis is a mild to moderate lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein and reduced glucose concentration, 11,18,29 but exceptions were common in our patients. The CSF leukocyte count and protein concentration occasionally were normal, polymorphs outnumbered lymphocytes in 22% of the patients and the CSF glucose was normal in one-third.…”

Co-Infection of Cryptococcal and Multidrug Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis in Immunocompetent Patient

“…Cryptococcal meningitis though occurs in immunocompromised patients, it has also been reported in apparently immunocompetent persons [13]. Stockstill MT, et al observed that in his study, all the patients with cryptococcal meningitis had an underlying immunosuppressive condition such as corticosteroid therapy, cytotoxic drug therapy, hematologic malignancy, renal transplant, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus and sarcoidosis [11].…”

“…A lowered host resistance due to a pre-existing chronic disease may be a triggering factor. Some authors have shown that cryptococcal meningitis is more likely to occur in patients with underlying immunosuppressive conditions [5,11]. The cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients usually manifests when they have lower CD4 cell count which contributes to subtle symptoms and CSF findings in them [12].…”

Clinical and Laboratory Factors in the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculous and Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adult HIV-negative Patients

“…We used a cutoff value of 4 in the ROC analysis because it provided acceptable sensitivity (78%) with the greatest specificity (95.2%). According to this and other studies (19,20), mental disorders are a more common finding in patients with TBM than in those with CM. Several possible mechanisms are implicated in the abnormal mental state of TBM patients, including brain parenchyma and blood vessel involvement.…”

A review of tuberculous meningitis at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand

“…15 When present, severe hyponatraemia helps to distinguish tuberculous meningitis from other causes of chronic meningitis, but other blood tests are usually unhelpful. 4,12,15,19,20 The typical CSF profile of tuberculous meningitis is a mild to moderate lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein and reduced glucose concentration, 11,18,29 but exceptions were common in our patients. The CSF leukocyte count and protein concentration occasionally were normal, polymorphs outnumbered lymphocytes in 22% of the patients and the CSF glucose was normal in one-third.…”

Co-Infection of Cryptococcal and Multidrug Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis in Immunocompetent Patient

“…Cryptococcal meningitis though occurs in immunocompromised patients, it has also been reported in apparently immunocompetent persons [13]. Stockstill MT, et al observed that in his study, all the patients with cryptococcal meningitis had an underlying immunosuppressive condition such as corticosteroid therapy, cytotoxic drug therapy, hematologic malignancy, renal transplant, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus and sarcoidosis [11].…”

“…A lowered host resistance due to a pre-existing chronic disease may be a triggering factor. Some authors have shown that cryptococcal meningitis is more likely to occur in patients with underlying immunosuppressive conditions [5,11]. The cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients usually manifests when they have lower CD4 cell count which contributes to subtle symptoms and CSF findings in them [12].…”