Comparison of carbon in shungite rocks to other natural carbons: An X-ray and TEM study

Kovalevski, Vladimir V.; Buseck, Peter R.; Cowley, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00120-2

Cited by 139 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These organic-rich rocks have often been referred to as shungite (after Shunga village in Karelia), which in the literature appears as a general term for organic carbonrich rocks from the Paleoproterozoic Onega Basin (Buseck et al, 1997;Fillipov, 1994;Kovalevski et al, 2001), although many authors (Kovalevski, 1994;Melezhik et al, 1999) describe shungite as a type of CM found in these rocks following the original terminology of Inostranzev (1879). The minimum age of ca.…”

Section: Geologic Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a nano-scale, however, CM of a certain metamorphic grade can display strong structural variation and can contain a wide variety of sp 2 -bound carbon nano-structures including graphitic globules (Kovalevski et al, 2001), carbon onion rings (Beyssac et al, 2002b;Buseck and Huang, 1985), graphite cones (Jaszczak et al, 2003), rolled graphitic structures (Jaszczak et al, 2007), and curled graphite structures (Papineau et al, 2010). In general this can be related to the fact that organic precursor materials are heterogeneous in both molecular structure and chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A particularly intriguing example of structural heterogeneity in CM is presented by organic rich rocks of the 2.0 Ga Zaonega Formation, Karelia,. The CM in these rocks has previously gathered wide attention and excitement due to its non-graphitizing nature (Khavari-Khorasani, 1979), reports of curved globular carbon units (Kovalevski, 1994;Kovalevski et al, 2001) and the proposed presence of natural fullerenes (Buseck et al, 1992). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mineral-templated growth of natural graphite films

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Fliegel²,

Wirth

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Geologic Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mineral-templated growth of natural graphite films

Zuilen

Fliegel²,

Wirth

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Shungite carbon has been characterized as ''glassy''. [90,106,[108][109][110] Glassy carbon is a pyrocarbon with internal voids that typically forms by the pyrolysis of polymerized hydrocarbons on hot surfaces. [111,112] Other investigators report ''carbon black particles'' [113] and ''multilayered hollow globules'' [114] in shungite.…”

Section: Shungitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Shunga and Sudbury there are no fossil remains in the fullerene-bearing rocks. [176] In the case of Shunga the opinions on an algal parentage of the carbonaceous matter are divided [108,177] . For Sudbury, the biologic origin of the carbon in the BMOF was firmly proven.…”

Section: Biogenic Fullerenes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Fullerenes

Heymann

Jenneskens

Jehlička

et al. 2003

Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures

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This paper reviews reports of occurrences of fullerenes in circumstellar media, interstellar media, meteorites, interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), lunar rocks, hard terrestrial rocks from Shunga (Russia), Sudbury (Canada) and Mitov (Czech Republic), coal, terrestrial sediments from the Cretaceous-Tertiary-Boundary and Permian-Triassic-Boundary, fulgurite, ink sticks, dinosaur eggs, and a tree char. The occurrences are discussed in the context of known and postulated processes of fullerene formation, including the suggestion that some natural fullerenes might have formed from biological (algal) remains.

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Diverse Nanoassemblies of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Mineralogical Counterparts

Qu¹,

Feng²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

Angewandte Chemie

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Complex structures from nanoparticles are found in rocks, soils, and sea sediments but the mechanisms of their formation are poorly understood, which causes controversial conclusions about their genesis. Here we show that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can assemble into complex structures driven by coordination interactions with metal ions commonly present in environment and serve a special role in Earth's history, such as Fe3+ and Al3+. GQDs self‐assemble into mesoscale chains, sheets, supraparticles, nanoshells, and nanostars. Specific assembly patterns are determined by the effective symmetry of the GQDs when forming the coordination assemblies with the metal ions. As such, maximization of the electronic delocalization of π‐orbitals of GQDs with Fe3+ leads to GQD‐Fe‐GQD units with D2 symmetry, dipolar bonding potential, and linear assemblies. Taking advantage of high electron microscopy contrast of carbonaceous nanostructures in respect to ceramic background, the mineralogical counterparts of GQD assemblies are found in mineraloid shungite. These findings provide insight into nanoparticle dynamics during the rock formation that can lead to mineralized structures of unexpectedly high complexity.

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Comparison of carbon in shungite rocks to other natural carbons: An X-ray and TEM study

Cited by 139 publications

References 21 publications

Mineral-templated growth of natural graphite films

Mineral-templated growth of natural graphite films

Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Fullerenes

Diverse Nanoassemblies of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Mineralogical Counterparts

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