Comparison of bone quantity by ultrasound measurements of phalanges between white and black children living in Paraná, Brazil, with Europeans

Brazilian Pediatric Reference Data for Quantitative Ultrasound of Phalanges According to Gender, Age, Height and Weight

“…Besides considering weight, age and gender influences, bone mineral content also varies depend on race or skin color [ 23 ]. In Brazil, miscegenation is an important aspect and must always be considered in racial analyses.…”

“…Most studies with children and adolescents to provide normative data for the QUS parameters, such as Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS), are based on European samples [ 14 – 20 ]. Those references may lead to contradictory results when used in populations belonging to other countries such as Brazil [ 21 – 23 ]. Reference growth charts are needed when any measurement depends strongly on co-variables such as sex, age, pubertal development, as it is observed for QUS parameters of phalanges [ 11 , 15 , 18 , 20 , 24 ].…”

Ultrasound Assessment of Bone Mass in Central Africans Population

“…Skeletal status has been evaluated in several studies with the use of phalangeal QUS measurements (Joly et al, 1999;Hartl et al, 2002;Krieg et al, 2003;Vanderjagt et al, 2001;Gonç alves et al, 2015;Hodson et al, 2003;Drozdzowska et al, 2003;Ribeiro et al, 2010;Barkmann et al, 2002;Dib et al, 2005;Moayyeri et al, 2012;Wuster et al, 2000). However, the majority of them was done in Caucasians subjects and assessed usefulness of QUS at the hand phalanges to detect patients with osteoporosis.…”

“…Besides considering weight, age and gender influences, bone mineral content also varies depend on race or skin color (WHO Study Group, 1994;Ribeiro et al, 2010 reported that low-energy fractures remained rare in Gambian women even though the BMD at DXA was on average lower than that of the British woman.…”

“…As it is reported that ethnicity and environmental habit may influences bone quality, those Caucasians references data may lead to contradictory results when used in non Caucasians as black populations of central Africa (WHO Study Group, 1994;Pluskiewicz et al, 1998;Aspray et al, 1996;Kaufman et al, 1993;Joly et al, 1999;Gonç alves et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2010;Dib et al, 2005;Drozdzowska et al, 2003;Moayyeri et al, 2012).…”