Comparison between total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and intermittent bolus of tiletamine-zolazepam in capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella)

Abstract

Dissociative anesthesia results in stressful and long recovery periods in monkeys and use of injectable anesthetics in medical research has to be refined. Propofol has promoted more pleasure wake up from anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of intravenous anesthetic propofol, establishing the required infusion rate to maintain surgical anesthetic level and comparing it to tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in Sapajus apella. Eight healthy capuchin monkeys, premedicated with midazolam and meperidine, were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Propofol was infused continually and rate was titrated to effect and tiletamine-zolazepam was given at 5mg/kg IV bolus initially and repeated at 2.5mg/kg IV bolus as required. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases, cortisol, lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined. Recovery quality was superior in PRO. Ventral recumbency (PRO = 43.0±21.4 vs TZ = 219.3±139.7 min) and normal ambulation (PRO = 93±27.1 vs TZ = 493.7±47.8 min) were faster in PRO (p<0.05). Cardiopulmonary effects did not have marked differences between groups. Median for induction doses of propofol was 5.9mg/kg, varying from 4.7 to 6.7mg/kg, Mean infusion rate was 0.37±0.11mg/kg/min, varying during the one-hour period. In TZ, two animals required three and five extra doses. Compared to tiletamine-zolazepam, minor post-anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia due to the faster and superior anesthetic recovery.

Evaluation of anaesthetic depth and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol infusion rate in Sapajus apella previously chemically contained with dextroketamine‐midazolam

“…In the present study, the heart rate values obtained during the infusion were similar to those found by previous authors. 2,4,9 Propofol administration resulted in a decrease in respiratory rate, with values similar to those found in a previous study. 9 We cannot affirm that propofol did not promote respiratory depression because, in this study, blood gases were not evaluated; however, during the study, no animals presented apnoea or cyanosis.…”

“…2,4,9 Propofol administration resulted in a decrease in respiratory rate, with values similar to those found in a previous study. 9 We cannot affirm that propofol did not promote respiratory depression because, in this study, blood gases were not evaluated; however, during the study, no animals presented apnoea or cyanosis. The decrease in rectal temperature throughout the study is related to hypothalamic depression and vasodilation.…”

“…Propofol induction doses of 4.7 to 6.7 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg have already been used in other studies with capuchin monkeys. 2,9,11 In this study, the propofol induction dose used promoted loss of consciousness, jaw tone and lateral palpebral reflex, without apnoea. Laryngeal desensitization with 10% lidocaine hydrochloride, 22 and the use of propofol 15,23 was responsible for the absence of laryngospasm in the study.…”

“…12,29 All animals had a smooth anaesthetic recovery, without excitation and vocalization, a result similar to that of other studies. 2,9 In conclusion, propofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min promoted surgical general anaesthesia accompanied by transient hypotension and minimal decreases in HR, RR and RT. Anaesthetic recovery was excellent and lasted around 59 min.…”

“…13,14 Anaesthetic recovery of animals submitted to propofol TIVA is described as smooth and excellent. 2,9 The reasons for this project were the few studies involving the infusion rates of propofol in capuchin monkeys and the possibility of obtaining another anaesthetic protocol for that species. This study aimed to evaluate some cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthetic depth promoted by a propofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min in capuchin monkeys.…”