Comparison between the Analgesic Effect of two Techniques on the Level of Pain Perception During venipuncture in Children up to 7 Years of Age: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

Background: Distraction techniques are often provided by nurses, parents or child life specialists and help in pain alleviation during procedures. The use of non pharmacological procedures to cope with pain behaviour is less costly and most of these procedures can be administered by a nurse. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess and compare the analgesic effect of holding the child by a family member versus holding the child by a family member along with an animation distraction intervention on the level of pain perception during venipuncture in children up to seven years of age. Materials and Methods:Purposive sampling technique was used to select 70 children admitted in paediatric ward of Guru Gobind Singh Medical Hospital, Faridkot, 35 children in each group viz. Group 1(child held by family member during venipuncture) and Group 2 (child held by family member along with an animation distraction during venipuncture) and video clippings were made for each subject in both groups. Standardized FLACC pain scale was used to assess the level of pain during venipuncture by seeing the video clips of procedure in both groups.

Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in decreasing pain during venipuncture in children: ball squeezing, balloon inflating and distraction cards

“…, Gupta et al . , Abd El‐Gawad & Elsayed , Karakaya & Gozen , Meiri et al . , Mutlu & Balcı , Moadad et al .…”

Distraction Using the BUZZY for Children During an IV Insertion

“…Children, parents and the nurse observer were blinded to each other's responses. Since the perception of pain varies when parents are present or not, parents were instructed to stay with the children during the procedure (Gupta et al, 2014).…”

“…Pharmacological drugs that include tropical anesthetics have often not been very successful as they are costly, may require long periods of time to achieve an analgesic effect (e.g., EMLA®, Ametop ®) or are not found to be effective in all age groups (e.g., vapocoolant sprays) (Cohen et al, 2009;Costello, Ramundo, Christopher, & Powell, 2006;Farion, Splinter, Newhook, Gaboury, & Splinter, 2008). Non-pharmacologic approaches that have been found to be effective in reducing children's acute pediatric pain include but are not limited to, hypnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy, guided imagery, and distraction (Badr, 2013;Gupta et al, 2014;Vetri-Buratti et al, 2015). The use of distracters, such as auditory or visual distracters, bubble blowing, touch, vibration or massage (Bagnasco, Pezzi, Rosa, Fornonil, & Sasso, 2012;Gupta et al, 2014;MacLaren & Cohen, 2005;Sahiner & Bal, 2015), have long been found to be effective in helping the child to cope not only with the immediate medical procedure, but may also buffer memories of the experience (Uman, Chambers, McGrath, & Kisely, 2008).…”

“…Non-pharmacologic approaches that have been found to be effective in reducing children's acute pediatric pain include but are not limited to, hypnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy, guided imagery, and distraction (Badr, 2013;Gupta et al, 2014;Vetri-Buratti et al, 2015). The use of distracters, such as auditory or visual distracters, bubble blowing, touch, vibration or massage (Bagnasco, Pezzi, Rosa, Fornonil, & Sasso, 2012;Gupta et al, 2014;MacLaren & Cohen, 2005;Sahiner & Bal, 2015), have long been found to be effective in helping the child to cope not only with the immediate medical procedure, but may also buffer memories of the experience (Uman, Chambers, McGrath, & Kisely, 2008). A recent Cochrane review of 39 trials with 3394 children concluded that there is strong evidence supporting the efficacy of distraction in reducing needle-related pain in children and adolescents, however there is limited evidence to differentiate which aspects of distraction are most efficacious (Uman et al, 2013).…”

Strategies for Improving Patient Comfort During Intravitreal Injections: Results from a Survey-Based Study

“…In the literature, the use of comfort strategies has been explored in much more detail for non-ocular procedures. For instance, evidence suggests that the presence of additional people, whether they are family members or additional staff, may divert attention away from pain during procedures such as venipuncture in children [14]. Handholding has likewise been shown to be a very effective coping strategy in pain perception during procedures such as blood draws, shunt placements, and peripheral chemotherapy [15].…”