Comparing Subsurface Seasonal Deoxygenation and Acidification in the Yellow Sea and Northern East China Sea Along the North-to-South Latitude Gradient

Xiong, Tian Ying; Wei, Qinsheng; Zhai, Weidong; Li, Chenglong; Wang, Song‐yin; Zhang, Yi-xing; Liu, Shuo-jiang; Yu, Si-qing

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00686

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…The short respiration duration in western region of the ECS is also observed by Xiong et al. (2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The Ω arag increased sharply in the western part of study area (<125°E) in F transect, but not in H transect. These colder (<14°C), higher DIC, and lower Ω arag in bottom waters correspond YSBW with lower Ω arag (Xiong et al., 2020; Zhai, 2018), suggesting that the YSBW did not extended southward to 32°N.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Zhang and Wang (2019) used an Earth System Model simulation and estimated that the Ω arag will reach <1 almost throughout the water column by 2,300 (according to an RCP8.5 climate change simulation), and indicated that the undersaturation of aragonite will be solely caused by continuous anthropogenic CO 2 uptake. Although the ECS could reach aragonite undersaturation faster due to the nutrient‐laden Changjiang River and high emissions of anthropogenic CO 2 , monitoring through carbonate system in the water column has mostly been performed in western regions of the ECS close to the Changjiang River mouth (Chinese territory; Chou et al., 2013; Zhai, Chen et al., 2014; Zhai, Zheng et al., 2014; Xiong et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Variability of Aragonite Saturation State in the Northern East China Sea

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

JGR Oceans

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In order to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of the carbonate system in the northern East China Sea (ECS), we first measured the seasonal dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), from which the aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) was calculated for the years 2015–2017. The DIC, TA, and Ωarag were 1,680.9–2,211.4 μmol kg−1, 2,145.1–2,312.8 μmol kg−1, and 1.2–6.0, respectively. The spatiotemporal variability of Ωarag in the northern ECS was mainly controlled by seasonal water mass, such as Yellow Sea Surface Water, Changjiang Dilute Water, and Yellow Sea Bottom Water (YSBW). The lowest Ωarag (∼1.4) in bottom layer was observed in high primary production areas caused by the extension of the Changjiang River plume with the higher Ωarag (up to 6) and was closely linked to the YSBW with low Ωarag expanded southward from Yellow Sea near bottom. Although this area was not a hypoxia zone unlike western shelf region (Chinese region) of the northern ECS, YSBW near bottom could enhance the suppression of bottom aragonite without hypoxia. In eastern region of northern ECS, higher production at surface, YSBW with lower Ωarag extension, and longer respiration product accumulations near bottom tend to lower Ωarag, as compared with western region where the summer hypoxia led to lower Ωarag. Therefore, this result indicates that the eastern region of the northern ECS is also susceptible to ocean acidification, along with the summer hypoxic zone of the western region.

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“…The short respiration duration in western region of the ECS is also observed by Xiong et al. (2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Variability of Aragonite Saturation State in the Northern East China Sea

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

JGR Oceans

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“…Actually, high Ar values in surface water (3.0-4.5) with supersaturated DO conditions (130-160%) occurred particularly at stations in TGB (area C), whereas low Ar values in bottom water were generally observed. In the northern East China Sea in July 2018, low Ar values (1.21-1.39) were observed along with hypoxia-level DO values (about 1.5-2.0 mg kg −1 ) (Xiong et al, 2020). Considering the possible future conditions of the study area, a further increase in seawater temperatures under climate change would be expected to increase stratification, leading to an even larger difference in the Ar values between surface and bottom water.…”

Section: Air-sea Surface Co 2 Flux and The Carbonate Saturation State Of The Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 89%

Red Tide Events and Seasonal Variations in the Partial Pressure of CO2 and Related Parameters in Shellfish-Farming Bays, Southeastern Coast of Korea

Shim¹,

Lim³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Mixed results have been reported on the evaluation of the coastal carbon cycle and its contribution to the global carbon cycle, mainly due to the shortage of observational data and the considerable spatiotemporal variability arising from complex biogeochemical factors. In this study, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and related environmental factors were measured in the Jinhae–Geoje–Tongyeong bay region of the southeastern Korean Peninsula in February 2014, August 2014, April 2015, and October 2015. The mean pCO2 of surface seawater ranged from 215 to 471 μatm and exhibited a high correlation with the surface seawater temperature when data for August were excluded (R2 = 0.69), indicating that the seasonal variation in CO2 could be largely attributed to the variation in seawater temperature. However, a severe red tide event occurred in August 2014, when the lowest pCO2 value was observed despite a relatively high seawater temperature. It is considered that the active biological production of phytoplankton related to red tides counteracted the summer increase in pCO2. Based on the correlation between pCO2 and temperature, the estimated decrease in pCO2 caused by non-thermal factors was approximately 200 μatm. During the entire study period, the air–sea CO2 flux ranged from −14.2 to 3.7 mmol m–2 d–1, indicating that the study area served as an overall sink for atmospheric CO2, and only functioned as a weak source during October. The mean annual CO2 flux estimated from the correlation with temperature was −5.1 mmol m–2 d–1. However, because this estimate did not include reductions caused by sporadic events of biological production, such as red tides and phytoplankton blooms, the actual uptake flux is considered to be higher. The mean saturation state (ΩAr) value of carbonate aragonite was 2.61 for surface water and 2.04 for bottom water. However, the mean ΩAr of bottom water was <2 in August and October, and the ΩAr values measured at some of the bottom water stations in August were <1. Considering that the period from August to October corresponds to the reproduction and growth stages of shellfish, such low ΩAr values could be very damaging to shellfish production and the aquaculture industry.

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“…The strong terrestrial nutrients influx can cause eutrophication in estuaries (Cai et al., 2011; Feely et al., 2010; Hagens et al., 2014; Sunda & Cai, 2012) with elevated primary production that increases pH levels through biological CO 2 removal in the upper water column (Borges & Gypensb, 2009; Cai et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2019). The benthic aerobic respiration of the organic matter (both marine and terrestrial origin) reduces the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (Rabouille et al., 2008) and returns CO 2 to the water column, which lowers pH levels in the subsurface water (Altieri & Gedan, 2014; Breitburg et al., 2015; Laurent et al., 2017; Xiong et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Controls on the Eutrophication‐Induced Acidification in the Pearl River Estuary

Liang

Xiu

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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In coastal areas, organic matter oxidation and the decreased buffering capacity further aggravate acidification in the subsurface by another ∼0.34 pH (Cai et al., 2011). With combined climatic and anthropogenic influences, coastal ecosystems are facing more severe and complex OA that may be intensified in the future (Cai et al., 2011).The estuary receives a large amount of freshwater discharge, terrestrial nutrients and organic materials from upstream (Doney, 2010;Levin et al., 2015;Rabouille et al., 2001), which results in a more active biochemical reaction system in coastal areas. The strong terrestrial nutrients influx can cause eutrophication in estuaries (

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Comparing Subsurface Seasonal Deoxygenation and Acidification in the Yellow Sea and Northern East China Sea Along the North-to-South Latitude Gradient

Cited by 43 publications

References 91 publications

Spatiotemporal Variability of Aragonite Saturation State in the Northern East China Sea

Spatiotemporal Variability of Aragonite Saturation State in the Northern East China Sea

Red Tide Events and Seasonal Variations in the Partial Pressure of CO2 and Related Parameters in Shellfish-Farming Bays, Southeastern Coast of Korea

Seasonal and Spatial Controls on the Eutrophication‐Induced Acidification in the Pearl River Estuary

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