Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio)

Dolotovskaya, Sofya; Bordallo, Juan Torroba; Haus, Tanja; Noll, Angela; Hofreiter, Michael; Zinner, Dietmar; Roos, Christian

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx001

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…While most studies to date have focused on testing forest refugia, Pleistocene refugia for savanna‐restricted clades have been suggested to occur in Sudanian and Zambezian regions, linked to savanna fragmentation (e.g. primates: Dolotovskaya et al ., 2017). However, it is unclear whether the savanna biome simply shifted in latitude in response to glacial/interglacial fluctuations, rather than becoming fragmented.…”

Section: Major Speciation Models Of Tropical African Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

et al. 2020

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Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification of this biodiversity. During the last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies of different clades across animals and plants have been published leading to an increased understanding of the diversification and speciation processes generating tropical African biodiversity. In parallel, extended geological and palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations have refined our understanding of past geological and climatic changes in Africa. To date, these important advances have not been reviewed within a common framework. Here, we critically review and synthesize African climate, tectonics and terrestrial biodiversity evolution throughout the Cenozoic to the mid‐Pleistocene, drawing on recent advances in Earth and life sciences. We first review six major geo‐climatic periods defining tropical African biodiversity diversification by synthesizing 89 dated molecular phylogeny studies. Two major geo‐climatic factors impacting the diversification of the sub‐Saharan biota are highlighted. First, Africa underwent numerous climatic fluctuations at ancient and more recent timescales, with tectonic, greenhouse gas, and orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, increased aridification since the Late Eocene led to important extinction events, but also provided unique diversification opportunities shaping the current tropical African biodiversity landscape. We then review diversification studies of tropical terrestrial animal and plant clades and discuss three major models of speciation: (i) geographic speciation via vicariance (allopatry); (ii) ecological speciation impacted by climate and geological changes, and (iii) genomic speciation via genome duplication. Geographic speciation has been the most widely documented to date and is a common speciation model across tropical Africa. We conclude with four important challenges faced by tropical African biodiversity research: (i) to increase knowledge by gathering basic and fundamental biodiversity information; (ii) to improve modelling of African geophysical evolution throughout the Cenozoic via better constraints and downscaling approaches; (iii) to increase the precision of phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular dating of tropical African clades by using next generation sequencing approaches together with better fossil calibrations; (iv) finally, as done here, to integrate data better from Earth and life sciences by focusing on the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of tropical African biodiversity in a wider geodiversity context.

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Section: Major Speciation Models Of Tropical African Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

et al. 2020

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“…The range expansion of the genus appears to be of particular relevance. Given a southern African origin, modern baboons experienced a tremendous expansion of their range, possibly linked to changes to the habitats, animal communities and climate that occurred during the Pleistocene and that gave baboons the chance to disperse into the savanna belt north of the tropical forest zone (Dolotovskaya et al, 2017; Zinner et al, 2011). Like humans and other savanna species, baboons have thus been subject of recurrent range shifts, fragmentation, and isolation and reconnection of populations (Zinner et al, 2011) – dynamics that affected baboon genetic structure and speciation (Rogers et al, 2019).…”

Section: Phylogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the evolution of social systems and species from baboon studies

Fischer

Higham

Alberts

et al. 2019

eLife

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Baboons, members of the genus Papio, comprise six closely related species distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa and southwest Arabia. The species exhibit more ecological flexibility and a wider range of social systems than many other primates. This article summarizes our current knowledge of the natural history of baboons and highlights directions for future research. We suggest that baboons can serve as a valuable model for complex evolutionary processes, such as speciation and hybridization. The evolution of baboons has been heavily shaped by climatic changes and population expansion and fragmentation in the African savanna environment, similar to the processes that acted during human evolution. With accumulating long-term data, and new data from previously understudied species, baboons are ideally suited for investigating the links between sociality, health, longevity and reproductive success. To achieve these aims, we propose a closer integration of studies at the proximate level, including functional genomics, with behavioral and ecological studies.

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“…However, no genetic data to confirm the taxonomic validity of these two subspecies are available to date. Similar phylogeographic patterns were not found for the other primate species present in the area, including vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and Syke's monkeys (Cercopithecus albogularis) [De Jong and Butynski, 2009;Zinner et al, 2009;Haus et al, 2013;Zinner et al, 2015;Dolotovskaya et al, 2017].…”

Section: Acoustic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Species Boundaries within Morphologically Cryptic Galagos: Evidence from Acoustic and Genetic Data

Pozzi¹,

Disotell²,

Bearder³

et al. 2019

IJFP

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Describing primate biodiversity is one of the main goals in primatology. Species are the fundamental unit of study in phylogeny, behaviour, ecology and conservation. Identifying species boundaries is particularly challenging for nocturnal taxa where only subtle morphological variation is present. Traditionally, vocal signals have been used to identify species within nocturnal primates: species-specific signals often play a critical role in mate recognition, and they can restrict gene flow with other species. However, little research has been conducted to test whether different "acoustic forms" also represent genetically distinct species. Here, we investigate species boundaries between two putative highly cryptic species of Eastern dwarf galagos (Paragalago cocos and P. zanzibaricus). We combined vocal and genetic data: molecular data included the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp) for 50 samples across 11 localities in Kenya and Tanzania, while vocal data comprised 221 vocalisations recorded across 8 localities. Acoustic analyses showed a high level of correct assignation to the putative species (approx. 90%), while genetic analyses identified two separate clades at the mitochondrial level. We conclude that P. cocos and P. zanzibaricus represent two valid cryptic species that probably underwent speciation in the Late Pliocene while fragmented in isolated populations in the eastern forests.

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Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio)

Cited by 17 publications

References 67 publications

Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Insights into the evolution of social systems and species from baboon studies

Species Boundaries within Morphologically Cryptic Galagos: Evidence from Acoustic and Genetic Data

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