Comparative Lipid Profiles of Milk Bank Breast Milk and Infant Formulas

Oleynik, Anya; Eliseeva, T.I.; Vanderhoek, Jack Y.

doi:10.2174/1874288220131127003

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The percentage of fatty acids with hypercholesterolemic potential, corresponding to the sum of the lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0) and palmitic acid (C16: 0) fractions in the infant formulas analyzed, was in agreement with literature as well as with other infant formulas and human milk [1,27,37,39]. Saturated fat (C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0) raises the plasma cholesterol concentration, especially C14:0, whereas C18:0 has a neutral effect on cholesterol [1,41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Lipid profile of different infant formulas for infants

et al. 2017

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Situations including premature infants, or those in which there is a rejection to breastfeeding, require the use infant formulas for total or partial replacement of human milk. The objective of this study was to determine the lipid content and to identify the lipid profile of infant formulas. Samples were collected from ten different infant formulas, used as a substitute for breast milk at the Maternal and Child Hospital of Brasilia. The human milk sample consisted of a pool of samples from 10 mature milk donors at the milk bank of the University Hospital of Brasilia. The lipid content and lipid profile of the different infant formulas and human milk were analyzed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with eleven treatments and three replicates, in triplicate. The data obtained in this study indicated significant differences between infant formulas and human milk, and among the infant formulas analyzed in relation to the percentage of total lipids and the fatty acid profile, except for the fractions of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Regarding the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to the total unsaturated fatty acids, only the Soy Protein Isolate-based Infant Formula (SPIIF) and Whey Protein Extensively Hydrolyzed Infant Formula (WPEHIF) resembled human milk. It was concluded that despite the observed differences, the use of infant formulas is a viable strategy for the development of infants subjected or not to specific physiological conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Lipid profile of different infant formulas for infants

et al. 2017

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“…We found clear differences in lipidomic profiles by early feeding pattern, with differences in specific lipids across all main lipid classes between exclusively breast- and formula-fed infants. Notably, formula and breast milk are not dissimilar in their lipid composition, consisting primarily of TGs, 17,18 (with a larger diversity of fatty acids in the TGs of breast milk 19 ). Therefore, the infancy lipidomic profiles do appear to not only reflect the lipid composition of the milk intake, but also there may be additional effects of infant nutrition on early fat metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipidomic Analyses, Breast- and Formula-Feeding, and Growth in Infants

Prentice

Koulman

Matthews

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

101

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ObjectiveTo evaluate lipidomic differences between breast- and formula-fed infants.Study designWe utilized high-resolution mass-spectrometry methods to analyze 3.2 mm dried blood spot samples collected at ages 3 months (n = 241) and 12 months (n = 144) from a representative birth cohort study. Lipidomic profiles were compared between infants exclusively breast-fed, formula-fed, or mixed-fed, and related to 12-month infancy weight. Data analysis included supervised multivariate statistics (partial least squares discriminant analysis), and univariate analysis with correction for multiple testing.ResultsDistinct differences in 3-month lipidomic profiles were observed between exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed infants; mixed-fed infants showed intermediate profiles. Principle lipidomic characteristics of breast-fed infants were lower total phosphatidylcholines (PCs), with specifically lower short chain unsaturated PC but higher long chain polyunsaturated PC; higher cholesterol esters; and variable differences in sphingomyelins. At 12 months, lipidomic profiles were markedly different to those at 3 months, and differences between the earlier breast/formula/mixed-feeding groups were no longer evident. However, several specific lipid species, associated with breast-feeding at 3 months, also correlated with differences in 3- to 12-month weight.ConclusionsState-of-the-art dried blood spot sample lipidomic profiling demonstrated striking differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Although these changes diminished with age, breast-fed lipidomic profiles at 3 months were associated with infancy weight and could potentially represent biomarkers of infant nutrition.

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“…Authors investigating the cholesterol content of human milk reported a decrease of cholesterol concentration along lactation . In most of these studies, cholesterol content has been determined using colorimetric methods . Other approaches include GC with and without prior TLC separation, HPLC coupled to diode array detector and total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of total cholesterol in human milk by gas chromatography

Beggio

Cruz‐Hernandez

Golay

et al. 2018

J of Separation Science

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Human milk provides the key nutrients necessary for infant growth and development. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a method to analyze the cholesterol content in liquid human milk samples along lactation. Direct saponification of the sample using ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution under cold conditions was applied and unsaponifiable matter was separated by centrifugation. Cholesterol was converted into its trimethylsilyl ether and the derivative analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. Cholesterol was quantified using epicoprostanol as internal standard. The method is suitable for the determination of cholesterol in only 0.3 g of human milk. It has been validated showing good repeatability (CV(r) < 15%) and intermediate reproducibility (CV(iR) < 15%). The method was used to analyze human milk obtained from five mothers collected at day 30(±3), 60 (±3) and 120 (±3) after delivery. The cholesterol content in human milk slightly decreased from 13.1 mg/100 g at 1 month to 11.3 mg/100 g 120 days after delivery. The method can also be used to determine desmosterol, an intermediate in cholesterol synthesis.

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Comparative Lipid Profiles of Milk Bank Breast Milk and Infant Formulas

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Lipid profile of different infant formulas for infants

Lipid profile of different infant formulas for infants

Lipidomic Analyses, Breast- and Formula-Feeding, and Growth in Infants

Quantification of total cholesterol in human milk by gas chromatography

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