Comparative immunology: The hemolytic complement system of the anuran amphibian, Bufo marinus

Bactericidal Antibody Response in the Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii

“…Although mammalian complement-like activity has been strongly implicated in bactericidal and hemolytic systems of many lower vertebrates (5,15,22,28,38), this is, at best, only suggested by the data presented on the hagfish bactericidal system. Although the bactericidal activity can be inactivated by heat, the addition of fresh, normal hagfish sera does not restore the activity.…”

Bactericidal Antibody Response in the Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii

“…Although mammalian complement-like activity has been strongly implicated in bactericidal and hemolytic systems of many lower vertebrates (5,15,22,28,38), this is, at best, only suggested by the data presented on the hagfish bactericidal system. Although the bactericidal activity can be inactivated by heat, the addition of fresh, normal hagfish sera does not restore the activity.…”

The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis

“…The amphibian complement system is heat‐labile and operates more effectively at lower temperatures (Koppenheffer, 1987). Complement proteins of salamanders, frogs, and toads are comparable in structure and function to those of mammals (Avila & Lambris, 1990; Fujii et al, 1985; Sekizawa et al, 1984; Weinheimer et al, 1971). For example, amphibian complement proteins have shown activation of and synergistic interactions with complement proteins from guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, and humans, suggesting the complement system is highly conserved across taxa and may have evolved in ectotherms (Alexander & Steiner, 1980; Gewurz et al, 1966).…”

Corticosterone–immune interactions during captive stress in invading Australian cane toads (Rhinella marina)

“…Their status as a high profile invasive species in Australia has made them a model system for the study of ecological invasion dynamics and evolution (see , and therefore, hypotheses regarding the immune capacity of invasive vertebrates (e.g., Lee and Klasing, 2004) can also be rigorously tested using this study species. Finally, more is known about immune function in R. marina than perhaps all other amphibian model species except Xenopus laevis, allowing new immunological data to be placed in a robust context (e.g., Cone and Marchalonis, 1972;Diener and Nossal, 1966;Lin et al, 1971;Lin and Rowlands, 1973;Weinheimer et al, 1971). A previous study demonstrated a link between the features that facilitate rapid dispersal (e.g., greater relative tibia length, longer legs, faster, more linear movement), in invading toads and a potentially stress-induced spinal condition (Brown et al, 2007), supporting the hypothesis that additional ecologically important associations between immunity and stress will manifest in these toads.…”

Bactericidal Antibody Response in the Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii

“…Although mammalian complement-like activity has been strongly implicated in bactericidal and hemolytic systems of many lower vertebrates (5,15,22,28,38), this is, at best, only suggested by the data presented on the hagfish bactericidal system. Although the bactericidal activity can be inactivated by heat, the addition of fresh, normal hagfish sera does not restore the activity.…”

The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis

“…The amphibian complement system is heat‐labile and operates more effectively at lower temperatures (Koppenheffer, 1987). Complement proteins of salamanders, frogs, and toads are comparable in structure and function to those of mammals (Avila & Lambris, 1990; Fujii et al, 1985; Sekizawa et al, 1984; Weinheimer et al, 1971). For example, amphibian complement proteins have shown activation of and synergistic interactions with complement proteins from guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, and humans, suggesting the complement system is highly conserved across taxa and may have evolved in ectotherms (Alexander & Steiner, 1980; Gewurz et al, 1966).…”

Corticosterone–immune interactions during captive stress in invading Australian cane toads (Rhinella marina)

“…Their status as a high profile invasive species in Australia has made them a model system for the study of ecological invasion dynamics and evolution (see , and therefore, hypotheses regarding the immune capacity of invasive vertebrates (e.g., Lee and Klasing, 2004) can also be rigorously tested using this study species. Finally, more is known about immune function in R. marina than perhaps all other amphibian model species except Xenopus laevis, allowing new immunological data to be placed in a robust context (e.g., Cone and Marchalonis, 1972;Diener and Nossal, 1966;Lin et al, 1971;Lin and Rowlands, 1973;Weinheimer et al, 1971). A previous study demonstrated a link between the features that facilitate rapid dispersal (e.g., greater relative tibia length, longer legs, faster, more linear movement), in invading toads and a potentially stress-induced spinal condition (Brown et al, 2007), supporting the hypothesis that additional ecologically important associations between immunity and stress will manifest in these toads.…”

Bactericidal Antibody Response in the Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii

“…Although mammalian complement-like activity has been strongly implicated in bactericidal and hemolytic systems of many lower vertebrates (5,15,22,28,38), this is, at best, only suggested by the data presented on the hagfish bactericidal system. Although the bactericidal activity can be inactivated by heat, the addition of fresh, normal hagfish sera does not restore the activity.…”

The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis

“…The amphibian complement system is heat‐labile and operates more effectively at lower temperatures (Koppenheffer, 1987). Complement proteins of salamanders, frogs, and toads are comparable in structure and function to those of mammals (Avila & Lambris, 1990; Fujii et al, 1985; Sekizawa et al, 1984; Weinheimer et al, 1971). For example, amphibian complement proteins have shown activation of and synergistic interactions with complement proteins from guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, and humans, suggesting the complement system is highly conserved across taxa and may have evolved in ectotherms (Alexander & Steiner, 1980; Gewurz et al, 1966).…”

Corticosterone–immune interactions during captive stress in invading Australian cane toads (Rhinella marina)

“…Their status as a high profile invasive species in Australia has made them a model system for the study of ecological invasion dynamics and evolution (see , and therefore, hypotheses regarding the immune capacity of invasive vertebrates (e.g., Lee and Klasing, 2004) can also be rigorously tested using this study species. Finally, more is known about immune function in R. marina than perhaps all other amphibian model species except Xenopus laevis, allowing new immunological data to be placed in a robust context (e.g., Cone and Marchalonis, 1972;Diener and Nossal, 1966;Lin et al, 1971;Lin and Rowlands, 1973;Weinheimer et al, 1971). A previous study demonstrated a link between the features that facilitate rapid dispersal (e.g., greater relative tibia length, longer legs, faster, more linear movement), in invading toads and a potentially stress-induced spinal condition (Brown et al, 2007), supporting the hypothesis that additional ecologically important associations between immunity and stress will manifest in these toads.…”