Comparative histological and immunohistochemical study of sea star tube feet (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)

Santos, Romana; Haesaerts, Delphine; Jangoux, Michel; Flammang, Patrick

doi:10.1002/jmor.10187

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In accordance to this theory, all 4 species in the present study feature the typical valvatid simple disk-ending type of tube foot, but with minor modifications (Santos et al 2005). Acanthaster planci and L. laevigata are usually encountered in highly structured, 3-dimensional hard-substrate habitats and so the main functions of their tube feet are locomotion and fixation (Santos et al 2005). In contrast, Archaster typicus and P. nodosus both occur in less-structured soft-bottom habitats and the main function of their tube feet is primarily locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Furthermore, tube-foot morphology is likely to affect locomotion rates. Santos et al (2005) hypothesized that tube-foot morphology is influenced by the adaption to habitats and varying substrate types (Blake 1990) but within limits imposed by the evolutionary lineage (Vickery & McClintock 2000). In accordance to this theory, all 4 species in the present study feature the typical valvatid simple disk-ending type of tube foot, but with minor modifications (Santos et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Santos et al (2005) hypothesized that tube-foot morphology is influenced by the adaption to habitats and varying substrate types (Blake 1990) but within limits imposed by the evolutionary lineage (Vickery & McClintock 2000). In accordance to this theory, all 4 species in the present study feature the typical valvatid simple disk-ending type of tube foot, but with minor modifications (Santos et al 2005). Acanthaster planci and L. laevigata are usually encountered in highly structured, 3-dimensional hard-substrate habitats and so the main functions of their tube feet are locomotion and fixation (Santos et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-specific locomotion rate and movement pattern of four common Indo-Pacific sea stars (Echinodermata; Asteroidea)

Mueller¹,

Bos²,

Graf³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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The ecology of sea stars appears to be related to their locomotive abilities. This relationship was studied for the sea stars Acanthaster planci, Archaster typicus, Linckia laevigata, and Protoreaster nodosus in the coastal waters of Samal Island, the Philippines between May and July 2008. In order to avoid the sensory interruptions that sea stars exhibit when moving across natural substrate, a tarpaulin (2 × 2 m) was placed on the seafloor to create a uniform habitat. Mean (± SD) locomotion rate of Archaster typicus was 45.8 ± 17.0 cm min -1 but increased with mean radius (R). Locomotion rate increased from 17.8 to 72.2 cm min -1 for specimens with R of 1 and 5 cm respectively. Mean locomotion rate of L. laevigata, P. nodosus, and Acanthaster planci was 8.1 ± 1.9, 18.8 ± 3.9, and 35.3 ± 10.0 cm min -1 respectively, and was not related to R. Maximum speed of Archaster typicus was 76.0 ± 31.9 cm min -1 and also increased with R. Maximum speed of L. laevigata, P. nodosus, and Acanthaster planci was 10.6 ± 2.7, 27.7 ± 7.5, and 50.9 ± 14.0 cm min -1 respectively. An inter-specific comparison of locomotion rates using the number of body moves per minute suggests that the effect of body size partially overrules morphological and behavioral adaptations. The movement patterns of Acanthaster planci, L. laevigata, and P. nodosus were highly directional (ratio of displacement to total distance traveled [D:W all

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-specific locomotion rate and movement pattern of four common Indo-Pacific sea stars (Echinodermata; Asteroidea)

Mueller¹,

Bos²,

Graf³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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“…In other sea star species, much less information is available. Interestingly, however, many species do not rely on strong adhesion for their activities and several species possess type 1 adhesive cells with granules lacking internal rods, or are even devoid of this cell type (5,41). It will be interesting therefore to investigate the phylogenetic distribution of Sfp1 homologs in the class Asteroidea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea star tenacity mediated by a protein that fragments, then aggregates

Hennebert

Wattiez

Demeuldre

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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101

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Sea stars adhere firmly but temporarily to various substrata as a result of underwater efficient adhesive secretions released by their tube feet. Previous studies showed that this material is mainly made up of proteins, which play a key role in its adhesiveness and cohesiveness. Recently, we solubilized the majority of these proteins and obtained 43 de novo-generated peptide sequences by tandem MS. Here, one of these sequences served to recover the full-length sequence of Sea star footprint protein 1 (Sfp1), by RT-PCR and tube foot transcriptome analysis. Sfp1, a large protein of 3,853 aa, is the second most abundant constituent of the secreted adhesive. By using MS and Western blot analyses, we showed that Sfp1 is translated from a single mRNA and then cleaved into four subunits linked together by disulphide bridges in tube foot adhesive cells. The four subunits display specific protein-, carbohydrate-, and metal-binding domains. Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry located Sfp1 in granules stockpiled by one of the two types of adhesive cells responsible for the secretion of the adhesive material. We also demonstrated that Sfp1 makes up the structural scaffold of the adhesive footprint that remains on the substratum after tube foot detachment. Taken together, the results suggest that Sfp1 is a major structural protein involved in footprint cohesion and possibly in adhesive interactions with the tube foot surface. In recombinant form, it could be used for the design of novel sea starinspired biomaterials.echinoderms | Asterias rubens | marine adhesion

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“…Three tube foot morphotypes were distinguished in asteroids by Santos et al (Santos et al, 2005c), based on the morphology of their distal extremity: knob-ending, simple disc-ending and reinforced disc-ending tube feet. The tube feet of the sea stars A. rubens and M. glacialis belong to the third morphotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the different forces brought into play during tube foot activities in sea stars

Hennebert

Haesaerts

Dúbois

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYSea star tube feet consist of an enlarged and flattened distal extremity (the disc), which makes contact with the substratum, and a proximal contractile cylinder (the stem), which acts as a tether. In this study, the different forces brought into play during tube foot functioning were investigated in two related species. The tube feet of Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis attach to glass with a similar mean tenacity (0.24 and 0.43MPa, respectively), corresponding to an estimated maximal attachment force of 0.15 and 0.35N. The contraction force of their retractor muscle averages 0.017N. The variation of the retractor muscle contraction with its extension ratio follows a typical bell-shaped length-tension curve in which a maximal contraction of approximately 0.04N is obtained for an extension ratio of approximately 2.3 in both sea star species. The tensile strength of the tube foot stem was investigated considering the two tissues that could assume a load-bearing function, i.e. the retractor muscle and the connective tissue. The latter is a mutable collagenous tissue presenting a fivefold difference in tensile strength between its soft and stiff state. In our experiments, stiffening was induced by disrupting cell membranes or by modifying the ionic composition of the bathing solution. Finally, the force needed to break the tube foot retractor muscle was found to account for 18-25% of the tube foot total breaking force, showing that, although the connective tissue is the tissue layer that supports most of the load exerted on the stem, the contribution of the retractor muscle cannot be neglected in sea stars. All these forces appear well-balanced for proper functioning of the tube feet during the activities of the sea star. They are discussed in the context of two essential activities: the opening of bivalve shells and the maintenance of position in exposed habitats. Supplementary material available online at

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Comparative histological and immunohistochemical study of sea star tube feet (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Size-specific locomotion rate and movement pattern of four common Indo-Pacific sea stars (Echinodermata; Asteroidea)

Size-specific locomotion rate and movement pattern of four common Indo-Pacific sea stars (Echinodermata; Asteroidea)

Sea star tenacity mediated by a protein that fragments, then aggregates

Evaluation of the different forces brought into play during tube foot activities in sea stars

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