Abstract:Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive, pleomorphic, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes Oedematous Skin Disease (OSD) in buffalo. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of OSD, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 11 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from different buffalo found to be infected in Egypt during an outbreak that occurred in 2008. Sixteen previously described pathogenicity islands (PiCp) were present in all of the new buffalo strains, but one of… Show more
“…These include differences in nitrate reduction [ 76 ], changes in serotype and disease manifestation in the guinea pig model host [ 77 ], and pathogenicity islands that are biovar specific [ 32 ]. In addition, the Ovis clade has been documented as having a higher genomic similarity across its members than what is seen in Equi [ 32 , 33 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…pseudotuberculosis biovars [ 32 , 33 ], no one has been able to identify any genes that are involved in the interactions between pathogen and host species. A single exception is probably the presence of a particular prophage that harbors the diphtheria toxin (DT) and is found only in strains isolated from buffalo (Equi biovar) [ 33 ]. Phylogeny of the species show that the two biovars are clearly distinct.…”
Phylogenomics and genome scale positive selection analyses were performed on 29 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis genomes that were isolated from different hosts, including representatives of the Ovis and Equi biovars. A total of 27 genes were identified as undergoing adaptive changes. An analysis of the clades within this species and these biovars, the genes specific to each branch, and the genes responding to selective pressure show clear differences, indicating that adaptation and specialization is occurring in different clades. These changes are often correlated with the isolation host but could indicate responses to some undetermined factor in the respective niches. The fact that some of these more-rapidly evolving genes have homology to known virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes and drug targets shows that this type of analysis could be used to identify novel targets, and that these could be used as a way to control this pathogen.
“…These include differences in nitrate reduction [ 76 ], changes in serotype and disease manifestation in the guinea pig model host [ 77 ], and pathogenicity islands that are biovar specific [ 32 ]. In addition, the Ovis clade has been documented as having a higher genomic similarity across its members than what is seen in Equi [ 32 , 33 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…pseudotuberculosis biovars [ 32 , 33 ], no one has been able to identify any genes that are involved in the interactions between pathogen and host species. A single exception is probably the presence of a particular prophage that harbors the diphtheria toxin (DT) and is found only in strains isolated from buffalo (Equi biovar) [ 33 ]. Phylogeny of the species show that the two biovars are clearly distinct.…”
Phylogenomics and genome scale positive selection analyses were performed on 29 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis genomes that were isolated from different hosts, including representatives of the Ovis and Equi biovars. A total of 27 genes were identified as undergoing adaptive changes. An analysis of the clades within this species and these biovars, the genes specific to each branch, and the genes responding to selective pressure show clear differences, indicating that adaptation and specialization is occurring in different clades. These changes are often correlated with the isolation host but could indicate responses to some undetermined factor in the respective niches. The fact that some of these more-rapidly evolving genes have homology to known virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes and drug targets shows that this type of analysis could be used to identify novel targets, and that these could be used as a way to control this pathogen.
“…The tree was generated using the PEPR software ( https://github.com/enordber/pepr.git ) with the Maximum-Likelihood method. The Mexican strains were clustered according to the respective biovars and host preferences, as shown in previous works) [ 1 , 37 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Organism Informationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, MEX25 and MEX29 (goat) clustered with isolates from lhama (USA) and cow (Israel), while MEX1 and MEX9 (sheep) clustered with isolates from goat and sheep (Brazil), all with a 100% bootstrap. Strains of Ovis biovar are more clonal but does not show the same degree of clustering by the host as Equi [ 1 , 37 ]. Considering a maximum distance of 450 Km between localities of isolation, this genetic structure could better be explained by farming history than host preference.…”
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterium which has been rapidly spreading all over the world, causing economic losses in the agricultural sector and sporadically infecting humans. Six C. pseudotuberculosis strains were isolated from goats, sheep, and horses with distinct abscess locations. For the first time, Mexican genomes of this bacterium were sequenced and studied in silico. All strains were sequenced using Ion Personal Genome Machine sequencer, assembled using Newbler and SPAdes software. The automatic genome annotation was done using the software RAST and in-house scripts for transference, followed by manual curation using Artemis software and BLAST against NCBI and UniProt databases. The six genomes are publicly available in NCBI database. The analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity and the generated phylogenetic tree led to the observation that the Mexican strains are more similar between strains from the same host, but the genetic structure is probably more influenced by transportation of animals between farms than host preference. Also, a putative drug target was predicted and in silico analysis of 46 strains showed two gene clusters capable of differentiating the biovars equi and ovis: Restriction Modification system and CRISPR-Cas cluster.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40793-018-0325-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…The virulence of C. pseudotuberculosis is related to three main factors: the cell wall structure, its intracellular capacity for macrophage persistence and the production of phospholipase D (PLD) as exotoxin, which is considered the main virulence factor of the species [16]. Although its main virulence factor is already well established, toxigenic strains of this species can also produce TD [17,18].…”
This chapter will address the main omics approaches used in studies involving the genus Corynebacterium, Gram-positive microorganisms that can be isolated from many diverse environments. Currently, the genus Corynebacterium has more than 130 highly diversified species, many of which present medical, veterinary and biotechnological importance, such as C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans and C. glutamicum. Due to the wide application in these fields, several omics methodologies are used to better elucidate the species belonging to this genus, such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The genomic era has contributed to the development of more advanced and complex approaches that enable the increase of generated data, and consequently the advance on the structural, functional and dynamic knowledge of biological systems.
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