Comparative evaluation of qualitative and quantitative remineralization potential of four different remineralizing agents in enamel using energy.dispersive X-ray: An in vitro study

Abstract

Background: The principles of minimally invasive dentistry clearly tells us the need for clinically effective measures to remineralize the early enamel caries lesions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralisation potential of four different remineralisation agents used quantitatively by surface microhardness and qualitatively by energy dispersive X ray analysis. Materials and Methods: Artificial enamel lesions were created on the buccal surfaces of 60 extracted mandibular second premolar. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups ( n =15) according to the remineralisation agents used: Group 1-Nano Hydroxyapatite, Group 2-Fluoride, Group 3-CPP ACP, Group 4-Chitosan 5mg. All products were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and specimens were stored in daily renewed artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was assessed using Rockwell hardness test and change in mineral content was evaluated using Energy Dispersive X ray analysis. Statistical Analysis: One way analysis of Variance test and post-hoc Tukey test were conducted for multiple group comparison. Results: There was remarkable remineralisation in Hydroxyapatite treated comparatively to the other three groups. Conclusion: All remineralising agents showed improved surface remineralisation. However complete remineralisation did not occur within 7 days. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the highest potential for remineralisation followed by CPP-ACP, Chitosan and Fluoride.

Comparing the effectiveness of using three different re-mineralizing pastes on remineralisation of artificially induced white spot lesion

“…The intrinsic properties of Nano-HAP, such as size, chemical composition, and structural resemblance to enamel apatite, may play a key role in the remineralization process, as suggested by our study (36) . According to a study done by Hemalatha et al (37) Nano-HAP had the highest capacity for remineralization, followed by CPP-ACP; these findings were consistent with those of the current investigation.…”

Bioactive agents with biomimmetic remineralizing action

“…When compared with fluoride, the use of Nano HA in toothpastes, according to Amaechi et al (2019), Hemalatha et al, (2020 Khandelwal et al, (2020) and Manchery, et al, (2019), has the advantage of presenting results similar to fluoride without the risk of fluorosis. As for antimicrobial capacity, Kamath, et al (2017), Bossu et al (2019 and Ionescu, et al (2020) concluded that the use of Nano HA can inhibit biofilm adds and growth in deciduous tooth samples, which may contribute to the prevention, stagnation, and control of caries disease.…”

The Application of Chitosan Nanostructures in Stomatology

“…Net mineral loss from a broken balance between demineralization and remineralization causes dental caries, which is an infectious multifactorial disease [ 87 , 88 ]. Conventional strategies for dental hard tissue restoration include the mechanical removal of decay and filling with artificial materials [ 89 ].…”