Comparative effects between electronic and cigarette smoke in human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells

Cervellati, Franco; Muresan, Ximena Maria; Sticozzi, Claudia; Gambari, Roberto; Montagner, Giulia; Forman, Henry Jay; Torricelli, Claudia; Maioli, Emanuela; Valacchi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2014.04.012

Cited by 191 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…concluded that nicotine concentration had no effect on myocardial cell survival when comparing different ECEs, and Bahl et al (2012) reported that cells did not survive better in samples without nicotine when subjected to direct e-liquid exposure. Cervellati (2014) however, showed that nicotine did have an effect on the viability and inflammatory response of cells exposed to EC vapour, though this was not using ECE.…”

Section: The Effect Of Nicotine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 94%

A comparative study of electronic cigarette vapor extracts on airway-related cell lines in vitro

Leslie

Bathrinarayanan

Jackson

et al. 2017

Inhalation Toxicology

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Kingdom. E-mail addresses; l.j.leslie@aston.ac.uk; vasanthp@aston.ac.uk; jacksop1@aston.ac.uk; mabialaa@aston.ac.uk; pallettr@aston.ac.uk; stillmac@aston.ac.uk; l.marshall@aston.ac.uk A comparative study of electronic cigarette vapour extracts on airwayrelated cell lines in vitroThe use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is rapidly increasing worldwide, however scientific evidence regarding EC cytotoxicity is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute cytotoxicity of EC vapour extract (ECE) on airway-related cells in vitro.Cigarette smoke extract (CSE), vapour extract of fifteen brands/flavours of ECs and the extract from the E-vehicle (propylene glycol and glycerine) was collected. Extracts, in concentrations of 100% to 12.5%, were added to human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B, IB3-1 and C38), fibroblast (Wi-38) and macrophage (J774 and THP-1) cell lines.Viability was assessed after 24 hours using a standard XTT assay. Viability of less than 70% of control (no extract) was considered cytotoxic according to UNI EN ISO 10993-5 standards.CSE displayed a concentration-dependent influence on cell viability across all four cell lines with 100% producing the most toxic effect, therefore validating the model. ECEs reduced viability although this was not correlated with nicotine content or the Evehicle. However, several flavours proved cytotoxic, with variation between different brands and cell lines.These data indicate that not all ECs are the same and that use of a particular flavour or brand may have differing effects. The cell line used is also an important factor. More research is crucial to ascertain the health effects of different ECs before they can be accepted as a safe alternative to tobacco cigarettes.Keywords: Electronic cigarettes; airways; cytotoxicity; epithelials; in vitro models 3 IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (EC) first emerged onto the market in China in 2004 and entered the US market in 2007 (Regan et al. 2013). Advertised as a safe alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes, EC were soon introduced across different countries and their market has steadily risen. According to the UK's public health charity, Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), 2.6 million adults in Great Britain currently use EC (ASH 2015). There has been a rapid global progression amongst high and low income countries, with EC use stabilising at around 17% of adult smokers, although awareness of these products is much higher, according to data pulled together in a recent Public Health England report (Britton and Bogdanovica 2014).The body of research performed on the acute and chronic effects of ECs on human health is limited (Breland et al. 2014). There are a number of challenges associated with EC research. The lack of a standardised testing protocol to evaluate different products means that there is no consensus between academic researchers, manufacturers and stake-holders (Orr 2014). Proper toxicological evaluations of ECs by the regulatory bodies are also lacking.The liquid component of EC, known as E-liq...

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Section: The Effect Of Nicotine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 94%

A comparative study of electronic cigarette vapor extracts on airway-related cell lines in vitro

Leslie

Bathrinarayanan

Jackson

et al. 2017

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…E‐cigarettes cause toxicity to NHBE48 and A549 airway and lung cells via oxidative stress (Cervellati et al. 2014; Scheffler et al. 2015), and both nicotine free and nicotine‐containing E‐cigarette vapor caused loss of lung endothelial barrier function (Schweitzer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E-cigarette vapor on macrophages

et al. 2017

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E‐cigarettes are perceived as harmless; however, evidence of their safety is lacking. New data suggests E‐cigarettes discharge a range of compounds capable of physiological damage to users. We previously established that cigarette smoke caused defective alveolar macrophage phagocytosis. The present study compared the effect E‐cigarette of components; E‐liquid flavors, nicotine, vegetable glycerine, and propylene glycol on phagocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and phagocytic recognition molecule expression using differentiated THP‐1 macrophages. Similar to CSE, phagocytosis of NTHi bacteria was significantly decreased by E‐liquid flavoring (11.65–15.75%) versus control (27.01%). Nicotine also decreased phagocytosis (15.26%). E‐liquid, nicotine, and E‐liquid+ nicotine reduced phagocytic recognition molecules; SR‐A1 and TLR‐2. IL‐8 secretion increased with flavor and nicotine, while TNF α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, and MCP‐1 decreased after exposure to most flavors and nicotine. PG, VG, or PG:VG mix also induced a decrease in MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β. We conclude that E‐cigarettes can cause macrophage phagocytic dysfunction, expression of phagocytic recognition receptors and cytokine secretion pathways. As such, E‐cigarettes should be treated with caution by users, especially those who are nonsmokers.

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“…The conducted tests proved that it is not the case. For the first time it has been shown that exposure to e-cigarette vapour free of flavour results in the release of the following cytokines and chemokines: PDGF-BB, FGF, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1 and MIP-1b [16]. It has not been observed that short-term use of e-cigarettes leads to increased concentration of IL-2, TNF-a, EGF, whose growth was noticed directly after consumption of a regular cigarette [17].…”

Section: The Chemical Composition Of Electronic Cigarettes Their Toxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Debate: Can We Recommend Electronic Cigarettes to Our Patients? Opinion 2

Poznański¹,

Pietras²,

Antczak³

2017

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Electronic cigarettes are more and more frequently used to deliver nicotine. They are used both by the users of regular cigarettes and those who to date have not smoked. The literature about potential impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems on health is constantly growing. Particular concern is expressed about toxicity of chemical compounds and elements delivered with the vapour of electronic cigarettes. It turns out that products that have positive image in media, actually are not so beneficial. Furthermore, they not only may cause damage to health but also death.

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Comparative effects between electronic and cigarette smoke in human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells

Cited by 191 publications

References 17 publications

A comparative study of electronic cigarette vapor extracts on airway-related cell lines in vitro

A comparative study of electronic cigarette vapor extracts on airway-related cell lines in vitro

Phagocytosis and Inflammation: Exploring the effects of the components of E-cigarette vapor on macrophages

A Debate: Can We Recommend Electronic Cigarettes to Our Patients? Opinion 2

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