Comparative Biology: Animal Models of Human Hematologic Disease: A Review

Kitchen, Hyram

doi:10.1203/00006450-196805000-00009

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These data ( Table 2 and Table 3 ) may serve as a repository to study animal RBC behavior in flow. Moreover, animal RBCs offer specific characteristics that can be helpful in explaining pathophysiological conditions of human RBCs [ 39 ]. Hence, the obtained data of the different RBCs might be used as models for human RBCs under pathological conditions experiencing phenotypical changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Blood Cell Stiffness and Adhesion Are Species-Specific Properties Strongly Affected by Temperature and Medium Changes in Single Cell Force Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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Besides human red blood cells (RBC), a standard model used in AFM-single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS), little is known about apparent Young’s modulus (Ea) or adhesion of animal RBCs displaying distinct cellular features. To close this knowledge gap, we probed chicken, horse, camel, and human fetal RBCs and compared data with human adults serving as a repository for future studies. Additionally, we assessed how measurements are affected under physiological conditions (species-specific temperature in autologous plasma vs. 25 °C in aqueous NaCl solution). In all RBC types, Ea decreased with increasing temperature irrespective of the suspension medium. In mammalian RBCs, adhesion increased with elevated temperatures and scaled with reported membrane sialic acid concentrations. In chicken only adhesion decreased with higher temperature, which we attribute to the lower AE-1 concentration allowing more membrane undulations. Ea decreased further in plasma at every test temperature, and adhesion was completely abolished, pointing to functional cell enlargement by adsorption of plasma components. This halo elevated RBC size by several hundreds of nanometers, blunted the thermal input, and will affect the coupling of RBCs with the flowing plasma. The study evidences the presence of a RBC surface layer and discusses the tremendous effects when RBCs are probed at physiological conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Blood Cell Stiffness and Adhesion Are Species-Specific Properties Strongly Affected by Temperature and Medium Changes in Single Cell Force Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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“…In dogs, horses and sheep, as in humans, multiple hematomas and spontaneous bleeding occur in muscular and soft tissues and the central nervous system, with the severity of the symptoms depending on the levels of the factor VIII activity [1,8,11,14]. The intraarticular hemorrhage, a typical symptom in severe cases, also occurs in dogs, horses, and sheep [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Hemophilia A in Japanese Brown Cattle

Moritomo

Shimojo²,

Miyadera

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A coagulopathy with subcutaneous bleeding and muscular or peritracheal/periesophageal bleeding occurred in two male Japanese Brown calves of the same dam. One of the affected calves died three days after the onset of bleeding and the other survived normally until being slaughtered despite once suffering from subcutaneous hematoma. Hemostatic tests of the latter case showed prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and severely reduced factor VIII activity. In addition, von Willebrand factor activity, determined by the human platelet aggregation test, was within the normal range; therefore, the calf was diagnosed with hemophilia A. These are the first bovine cases of hemophilia A definitely diagnosed clinicopathologically. KEY WORDS: factor VIII, hemophilia A, Japanese Brown cattle.

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“…The spleen has been called the graveyard of haematopoietic cells and hypersplenism has been considered to be one cause for low levels of circulating blood cells. The availability of an experimental animal with hypersplenism would be a valuable addition to the animal models now finding widespread use in studies of human disease (Kitchen, 1968). The Gunn rat, a mutation of the Wistar strain of albino rats, is characterized by the presence of jaundice secondary to the absence of liver bilirubin transferase activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Splenomegaly and Haematologic Disorders of the Gunn Rat

Lozzio¹,

McDonald²,

Lange³

et al. 1970

Br J Haematol

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Summary. Erythrocyte values, leucocyte counts, haemoglobin components and erythropoietin levels were determined in Wistar and Gunn rats. Spleen and bone marrow examinations were also performed. Erythrocyte values and leucocyte counts in Gunn rats were lower than in Wistar rats. Females of both strains of rats showed lower haematocrit values, haemoglobin concentrations, erythrocyte counts, and erythropoietin levels than did the males. Female Gunn rats also had leucopenia when compared with the males. The leucopenia disappeared after castration. The erythrocyte abnormalities were particularly marked in homozygous female Gunn rats which manifested anaemia, shortened erythrocyte survival time and splenomegaly. After splenectomy and/or ovariectomy, the erythrocyte survival time became normal and the anaemia improved. However, ovariectomy alone did not influence the splenomegaly nor the enhanced splenic sequestration of erythrocytes. Microscopic examination of the bone marrow of Gunn rats revealed normal overall cellularity. In contrast, hyperplasia of the white and red pulp was observed in the spleens of Gunn rats of both sexes. These findings suggest that the anaemia of homozygous female Gunn rats is caused by enhanced sequestration of erythrocytes in the spleen and by a possible disturbance of oestrogen metabolism.

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Comparative Biology: Animal Models of Human Hematologic Disease: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Red Blood Cell Stiffness and Adhesion Are Species-Specific Properties Strongly Affected by Temperature and Medium Changes in Single Cell Force Spectroscopy

Red Blood Cell Stiffness and Adhesion Are Species-Specific Properties Strongly Affected by Temperature and Medium Changes in Single Cell Force Spectroscopy

Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Hemophilia A in Japanese Brown Cattle

Splenomegaly and Haematologic Disorders of the Gunn Rat

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