Comparative Analysis of Two Rearing Procedures for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Shelton, Anthony M.; Cooley, R. J.; Kroening, Mary; Wilsey, W. T.; Eigenbrode, Sanford D.

doi:10.18474/0749-8004-26.1.17

Cited by 155 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…Three sets of hosts were offered in the mother-son generation because we anticipated lower parasitism and fertilization rates due to the age of females and keeping them at low temperatures for $12 days. Parasitized hosts were subsequently fed on cabbage for 2 days and then reared individually on artificial diet (modified from Shelton et al 1991) in 1-oz. clear cups until cocoon formation, diamondback moth pupa formation, or death.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2008

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Despite its fundamental role in development, sex determination is highly diverse among animals. Approximately 20% of all animals are haplodiploid, with haploid males and diploid females. Haplodiploid species exhibit diverse but poorly understood mechanisms of sex determination. Some hymenopteran insect species exhibit single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), where heterozygosity at a polymorphic sex locus initiates female development. Diploid males are homozygous at the sex locus and represent a genetic load because they are inviable or sterile. Inbreeding depression associated with CSD is therefore expected to select for other modes of sex determination resulting in fewer or no diploid males. Here, we investigate an alternative, heretofore hypothetical, mode of sex determination: multiple-locus CSD (ml-CSD). Under ml-CSD, diploid males are predicted to develop only from zygotes that are homozygous at all sex loci. We show that inbreeding for eight generations in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis leads to increasing proportions of diploid males, a pattern that is consistent with ml-CSD but not sl-CSD. The proportion of diploid males (0.27 6 0.036) produced in the first generation of inbreeding (mother-son cross) suggests that two loci are likely involved. We also modeled diploid male production under CSD with three linked loci. Our data visually resemble CSD with linked loci because diploid male production in the second generation was lower than that in the first. To our knowledge, our data provide the first experimental support for ml-CSD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2008

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“…Upon hatching, larvae were reared in 90-mm Petri dishes on a P͞C of either 40:12 (high-protein lines) or 19:33 (high-carbohydrate lines) artificial diet (where P and C indicate the percentage by dry mass of protein and digestible carbohydrates in the diet) for their first two larval stadia. Artificial diets were based on an established laboratory recipe for Plutella (36). Upon reaching the third stadium, a random cohort of 150 larvae from each replicate selection line was transferred to a clear plastic feeding arena (173 ϫ 115 ϫ 60 mm) containing 100 diet blocks, each weighing Ϸ35 mg, spaced equidistantly across a 100 ϫ 100-mm grid within the arena.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving resistance to obesity in an insect

Warbrick-Smith

Behmer

Lee

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

134

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Failure to adapt to a changing nutritional environment comes at a cost, as evidenced by the modern human obesity crisis. Consumption of energy-rich diets can lead to obesity and is associated with deleterious consequences not only in humans but also in many other animals, including insects. The question thus arises whether animals restricted over multiple generations to high-energy diets can evolve mechanisms to limit the deposition of adverse levels of body fat. We show that Plutella xylostella caterpillars reared for multiple generations on carbohydrate-rich foods (either a chemically defined artificial diet or a high-starch Arabidopsis mutant) progressively developed the ability to eat excess carbohydrate without laying it down as fat, providing strong evidence that excess fat storage has a fitness cost. In contrast, caterpillars reared in carbohydrate-scarce environments (a chemically defined artificial diet or a low-starch Arabidopsis mutant) had a greater propensity to store ingested carbohydrate as fat. Additionally, insects reared on the low-starch Arabidopsis mutant evolved a preference for laying their eggs on this plant, whereas those selected on the high-starch Arabidopsis mutant showed no preference. Our results provide an experimental example of metabolic adaptation in the face of changes in the nutritional environment and suggest that changes in plant macronutrient profiles may promote hostassociated population divergence.geometric framework ͉ nutrition ͉ Plutella

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“…P. xylostella used in all experiments originated from populations collected in cabbage Þelds in Camilla, GA, andDonna, TX, in 2003 and2004, respectively. After collection from the Þeld, P. xylostella colonies were maintained in the laboratory on a wheat germ-casein artiÞcial diet (Shelton et al 1991). Insects were released in the experimental arenas in a 1:1 sex ratio.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Yellow Rocket as a Trap Crop for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Badenes‐Pérez

Shelton

Nault

2005

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Yellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris (R. Br.) variety arcuata, was evaluated as a trap crop for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. variety capitata, in 2003L. variety capitata, in and 2004L. variety capitata, in . In 2003, the numbers of P. xylostella larvae found in Þeld plots of cabbage alone were 5.2Ð11.3 times higher than those on cabbage plants in plots that included cabbage and several rows of yellow rocket. In an outdoor experiment in screenhouses, P. xylostella oviposition on cabbage was compared among six treatments that varied in the percentage of yellow rocket in relation to cabbage (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32% of the plants were yellow rocket). Results indicated that the percentage of eggs laid on cabbage decreased as the percentage of yellow rocket in the treatment increased, but this decrease was not signiÞcant beyond 20% of the plants being yellow rocket. In 2004, the numbers of P. xylostella larvae in Þeld plots of cabbage alone were 1.6 Ð2.4 and 1.7Ð2.8 times higher than numbers in treatments with 10 and 20% trap crop, respectively. Sticky trap and sweep net captures of P. xylostella adults indicated that within-Þeld dispersal was reduced by the presence of yellow rocket and aggregation occurred around yellow rocket plants. Our study suggests that using yellow rocket as a trap crop may reduce P. xylostella infestations in cabbage Þelds, and this possibility is discussed in the context of general crop and insect pest management practices in crucifers.

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Comparative Analysis of Two Rearing Procedures for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Cited by 155 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

Evolving resistance to obesity in an insect

Using Yellow Rocket as a Trap Crop for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

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