Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for 5G Coverage Prediction: Identification of Dominant Feature Parameters and Prediction Accuracy

Abstract

5G technology is a key factor in delivering faster and more reliable wireless connectivity. One crucial aspect in 5G network planning is coverage prediction, which enables network providers to optimize infrastructure deployment and deliver high-quality services to customers. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of machine learning algorithms for 5G coverage prediction, focusing on dominant feature parameters and accuracy. Notably, the Random Forest algorithm demonstrates superior performance with an RMSE of 1.14 dB, MAE of 0.12, and R2 of 0.97. The CNN model, the standout among deep learning algorithms, achieves an RMSE of 0.289, MAE of 0.289, and R2 of 0.78, showcasing high accuracy in 5G coverage prediction. Random Forest models exhibit near-perfect metrics with 98.4% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Although CNN outperforms other deep learning models, it slightly trails Random Forest in performance. The research highlights that the final Random Forest and CNN models outperform other models and surpass those developed in previous studies. Notably, 2D Distance Tx Rx emerges as the most dominant feature parameter across all algorithms, significantly influencing 5G coverage prediction. The inclusion of horizontal and vertical distances further improves prediction results, surpassing previous studies. The study underscores the relevance of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in predicting 5G coverage and recommends their use in network development and optimization. In conclusion, while the Random Forest algorithm stands out as the optimal choice for 5G coverage prediction, deep learning algorithms, particularly CNN, offer viable alternatives, especially for spatial data derived from satellite images. These accurate predictions facilitate efficient resource allocation by network providers, ensuring high-quality services in the rapidly evolving landscape of 5G technology. A profound understanding of coverage prediction remains pivotal for successful network planning and reliable service provision in the 5G era.