Comparative Analysis of Invertible DNA in Phage Genomes

Kamp, Dietmar; Kardas, E; Ritthaler, Wolfgang; Sandulache, Rodica; Schmucker, Robert; Stern, Beate

doi:10.1101/sqb.1984.049.01.036

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Gene 19 has been shown through serological studies and an analysis of P1 mutants by electron microscopy to be required for the production of tail fibers (95). Since genes 19 and 19' share a long constant region, 19c, the amino-terminal residues of the respective proteins are identical (35,50).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Mu is unrelated to P1 (and to P2), the tail fiber genes of Mu are similar to those of P1 (19,44,50,91) and therefore possibly to those of P2. Further indirect evidence in support of the hypothesis that the tail fiber genes of P2 are similar to those of P1 and Mu is supplied by the following observations: (i) the receptors for these three phages are located in the core structure of the lipopolysaccharide on the outer surface of the bacterial cell (9,11,51,59,81), and (ii) bacterial strains selected for resistance to P2 are usually resistant also to P1 and Mu but not to a wide variety of other phages (6,34).…”

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confidence: 99%

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DNA sequences of the tail fiber genes of bacteriophage P2: evidence for horizontal transfer of tail fiber genes among unrelated bacteriophages

1992

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We have determined the DNA sequence of the bacteriophage P2 tail genes G and H, which code for polypeptides of 175 and 669 residues, respectively. Gene H probably codes for the distal part of the P2 tail fiber, since the deduced sequence of its product contains regions similar to tail fiber proteins from phages Mu, P1, lambda, K3, and T2. The similarities of the carboxy-terminal portions of the P2, Mu, ann P1 tail fiber proteins may explain the observation that these phages in general have the same host range. The P2 H gene product is similar to the products of both lambda open reading frame (ORF) 401 (stf, side tail fiber) and its downstream ORF, ORF 314. If 1 bp is inserted near the end of ORF 401, this reading frame becomes fused with ORF 314, creating an ORF that may represent the complete stf gene that encodes a 774-amino-acid-long side tail fiber protein. Thus, a frameshift mutation seems to be present in the common laboratory strain of lambda. Gene G of P2 probably codes for a protein required for assembly of the tail fibers of the virion. The entire G gene product is very similar to the products of genes U and U' of phage Mu; a region of these proteins is also found in the tail fiber assembly proteins of phages TuIa, TuIb, T4, and lambda. The similarities in the tail fiber genes of phages of different families provide evidence that illegitimate recombination occurs at previously unappreciated levels and that phages are taking advantage of the gene pool available to them to alter their host ranges under selective pressures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

DNA sequences of the tail fiber genes of bacteriophage P2: evidence for horizontal transfer of tail fiber genes among unrelated bacteriophages

1992

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“…X05677 and X06729); T2 genes 37 and 38 {X04442, X05312). Comparisons that include the invertible segment of PI are inferred from data published by Kamp et al (1984) since this DNA sequence of P1 has not been published. The p15B genes have been shown to code for tail fibres; based on the sequence homology summarized here it is suspected that the e14 and S. boydii genes code for tail fibres (Tominaga etai.…”

Section: Homoiogous Segments Among Tail-fibre Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and rearrangement of sequence motifs in the evolution of bacteriophage tail fibres

Sandmeler

1994

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryMoiecuiar anaiysJs reveais a surprising siiaring of short gene segments among a variety of iarge double-stranded DNA bacteriophages of enteric bacteria. Ancestrai genomes from otherwise unreiated phages, Inciuding X, Mu, P1, P2 and T4, must have exchanged parts of their taii-fibre genes, individuai genes appear as mosaics with parts derived from a common gene pool. Therefore, horizontai gene transfer emerges as a major factor in the evoiution of a specific part of phage genomes. Current concepts of homoiogous recombination cannot account for the formation of such chimeric genes and the recombinationai mechanisms responsibie are not known. i4owever, recombination sites for DNA invertases and recombination site-iike sequences are present at the boundaries of gene segments conferring the specificity for the host receptor. This, together with the properties of the DNA inversion mechanism, suggests that these site-specific recombination enzymes couid be responsible for the exchange of host-range determinants.

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“…It has been shown by the experiment with a G segment and a Gin-Pin hybrid protein that the C-terminal region is important for the target recognition (Plasterk and van de Putte 1984). However, the entire sequence homology does not give us any hint to interpret the high activity of Cmn and the relationship among the three gene products; on the contrary, it raised the questions why Pin is less preventive than Hin in Cm-mediated C inversion and why Pin shows the lowest activity for H inversion though the homology between Pin and Cmn is the highest (81%, 149 common residues, Kamp et al 1984) among the three gene products. The enhancer sequence might act like the putative affinity site described above, and two or three recombinases might interact at the enhancer to promote or inhibit inversion in some way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, for the H segment Cmn and Hin compete in binding to the targets, but Cmn and Pin do not. The gene products predicted from nucleotide sequences of hint, pint, and cin+ consist of 190, 184, and 186 amino acids, respectively (Zieg and Simon 1980;Plasterk et al 1983;Hiestand-Nauer and Iida 1983) and show a considerable degree of homology (Plasterk et al 1983;Hiestand-Nauer and Iida 1983;Kamp et al 1984). N-terminal regions are identical in Pin and Cm, but C-terminal regions are different among the three products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of flagellar- and P1 infective-phase variation by three site-specific recombinase genes in every possible combination.

Momota

Enomoto²

1986

The Japanese journal of genetics

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Rates of flagellar-and P1 infective-phase variation, caused by reversible inversion of an H(=PD) and a C segment, respectively, were examined with strains having the three site-specific recombinase genes, hin+, pin+, and cin+, in every possible combination. The variation rates were compared in terms of gene functions on the assumptions that the three genes are similar in gene dosage and comparable with one another in the amount of gene products and that each rate reflects an activity of a single gene or genes combined. The three genes were arranged in the order of the variation rate they caused; cin+> hin+> pin+ for both directions of H inversion, cin+>> hin+> >pin for C(+) inversion, and cin+>> pin+> hin+ for C(-) inversion. For C inversion the rates in a cin+ strain were higher than those in hint and pint by two or three orders of magnitude. It was suggested that for H inversion two couples of the genes, hin+ and pint and pin+ and cin+, function together, but hin+ and cin+ interact against each other and that for C inversion hint and pint interact synergistically, but function against cin+. The variation of P1 cin+ reached equilibrium at a ratio of C (+) /C (-) = 6.1/3.9 in the four kinds of lysogenic strains, and the generations bringing about the equilibrium ranged from 16 to 36 depending on the host gene(s) that function against cin+

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Comparative Analysis of Invertible DNA in Phage Genomes

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

DNA sequences of the tail fiber genes of bacteriophage P2: evidence for horizontal transfer of tail fiber genes among unrelated bacteriophages

DNA sequences of the tail fiber genes of bacteriophage P2: evidence for horizontal transfer of tail fiber genes among unrelated bacteriophages

Acquisition and rearrangement of sequence motifs in the evolution of bacteriophage tail fibres

Rates of flagellar- and P1 infective-phase variation by three site-specific recombinase genes in every possible combination.

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