Comparative analysis of customer-funded energy efficiency programs in the United States and Switzerland–Cost-effectiveness and discussion of operational practices

Cho, Haein; Freyre, Alisa; Bürer, Meinrad; Patel, Martin Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111010

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The first one is Economies, mainly including European regions [ 3 ], Mediterranean countries [ 5 ], OPEC [ 6 ] and OECD countries [ 8 ]. The second is countries, involving the United States [ 4 ], Switzerland [ 4 , 43 ], New Zealand [ 11 ], Spain [ 9 ], Korea [ 7 ] and Finland [ 10 ]. The third one is industries, such as iron and steel industry [ 44 ], heavy and light industries [ 45 ], food and beverage sector [ 46 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low energy efficiency not only wastes limited energy, but also causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the issue of energy efficiency has attracted more and more attention from academia that can put forward modern, reliable and environment-friendly energy policy suggestions for different Economies and countries [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting China’s provincial energy efficiency and its influencing factors

Liu

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2020

Energy

113

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Improving the energy efficiency is a fundamental way to ensure energy security and sustainable development, and is also the requirement of supply-side structural reform of China’s energy. This paper uses the DEA-BCC model to estimate China’s energy efficiency at the provincial level, analyzes its regional differences from 2006 to 2016, and applies a panel data model to analyze the influencing factors of energy efficiency. It selects labor, capital stock and total energy consumption as inputs and takes real GDP and comprehensive index of environmental pollution as desirable and undesirable outputs, respectively. The results show that (1) energy efficiency when undesirable output is included is generally lower than when undesirable output is excluded; (2) There is a considerable difference in energy efficiency among provinces, and China’s energy efficiency, by and large, shows a trend of declining. The energy efficiency of four major regions demonstrates obvious regional differences: coastal region>northeastern region> middle region >western region; (3) The economic development level, technological progress, energy price and urbanization level are positively associated with energy efficiency, while the proportion of secondary industry and the energy consumption structure dominated by coal and oil are negatively correlated with energy efficiency.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting China’s provincial energy efficiency and its influencing factors

Liu

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2020

Energy

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These evaluations include the assessment of the programme's cost-effectiveness by means of the concept of levelized programme cost of saved energy (LPC; see Table 1). As shown by Cho et al [47], the average LPC of EEPs in the residential sector at the national level was 3.3 U.S. cents/kWh in 2015, while the respective value for 38 frontrunners with more ambitious EEPs amounted to 4.3 U.S. cents/kWh. For the commercial and industrial sectors, the U.S. average (savings-weighted) LPC equalled 2.2 U.S. cents/kWh in 2015 [47].…”

Section: Usamentioning

confidence: 89%

Why We Continue to Need Energy Efficiency Programmes—A Critical Review Based on Experiences in Switzerland and Elsewhere

et al. 2021

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Energy efficiency programmes (EEPs) are schemes operated by utilities or other bodies in order to incentivize energy efficiency improvement, in particular by adoption of energy-efficient products and typically by means of an economic reward. Ample experience has been gained, especially in the U.S., where EEPs have been in use for decades, with the rationale of avoiding additional energy supply by improving energy efficiency. More recently, EEPs have been implemented in Europe and in Switzerland. This review paper presents insights from the U.S., the EU and especially from Switzerland, with a focus on levelised programme cost of saved energy (LPC) as a key performance indicator. These LPC values, which take the perspective of the programme operator, are typically low to very low compared to the cost of electricity supply, thereby representing an important argument in favour of their use. The country examples show that EEPs are being effectively and successfully put into practice, for example, in Switzerland both as (i) a national tender-based scheme (called ProKilowatt) and in the form of a (ii) utility-operated obligation-based scheme (in Geneva). EEPs not only call for diligent implementation but also for suitable legal settings, e.g., in the form of mandatory energy efficiency savings targets (as realised for energy efficiency obligations, EEOs) in combination with programme cost recovery. The main criticism of EEPs is the free-rider effect, which needs to be minimised. On the other hand, EEPs are accompanied by significant co-benefits (environmental, health-related and social) and spillover effects. In their currently prevalent form, EEPs allow one to effectively save energy at a (very) low cost (“low-hanging fruit”). They can hence play an important role in fostering the energy transition; however, they should be implemented as part of a policy portfolio, in combination with other policy instruments.

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“…Voltage oscillation, power prediction, and other wind energy conversion system (WECS) control theories caused by wind power grid connection are hot topics [14]. In [15], the authors used a standard energy cost analysis method and presented the value cost analysis method to perform technical power generation assessments on six small, medium, and large WECSs with rated powers of 20, 35, 275, 500, 1000, and 2000 kW.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable feature of engineering economic analysis is comparison and selection among multiple options. To obtain the net present value (NPV), the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) [20], the internal rate of return (IRR), and the payback period, the NPV and calculated NPV difference in the simulation are arranged [3,15,21]. Five comprehensive economic evaluation criteria, including NPV difference, are analyzed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Economic Indexes

et al. 2020

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Wind energy is considered as one of the most prominent sources of energy for sustainable development. This technology is of interest owing to its capability to produce clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective energy for small-scale users and rural areas where grid power availability is insufficient. Wind power generation has developed rapidly in the past decade and is expected to play a vital role in the economic development of countries. Therefore, studying dominant economic factors is crucial to properly approach public and private financing for this emerging technology, as industrial growth and energy demands may outpace further economic studies earlier than expected. In this study, a strategy-focused method for performing economic analysis on wind energy based on financial net present value, levelized cost of energy, internal rate of return, and investment recovery period is presented. Numerical and simulation results depict the most optimal and economical system from a 3 and a 10 kW wind energy conversion system (WECS). Moreover, the aforementioned criteria are used to determine which WECS range is the most suitable investment with the shortest payback period. Finally, an economically viable and profitable wind energy system is recommended.

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Comparative analysis of customer-funded energy efficiency programs in the United States and Switzerland–Cost-effectiveness and discussion of operational practices

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Revisiting China’s provincial energy efficiency and its influencing factors

Revisiting China’s provincial energy efficiency and its influencing factors

Why We Continue to Need Energy Efficiency Programmes—A Critical Review Based on Experiences in Switzerland and Elsewhere

Comparison of Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Economic Indexes

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