Compaction bands: a structural analog for anti-mode I cracks in aeolian sandstone

Mollema, Pauline Nella; Antonellini, Marco

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00098-4

Cited by 334 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the microscale, PCBs involve only a limited amount of cataclasis, similar to CSBs described from Valley of Fire (Eichhubl et al, 2010), but somewhat less than those described from southern Utah (Mollema and Antonellini, 1996;Fossen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pure Compaction Bandsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…So far, shear-enhanced compaction bands (SECBs) and pure compaction bands (PCBs) have only been reported from contractional settings, notably Valley of Fire, Nevada (Sternlof et al, 2005;Eichhubl et al, 2010), Buckskin Gulch, Utah (Mollema & Submitted to Journal of Structural Geology Antonellini, 1996;Fossen et al, 2011), and Provence, France .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contractional deformation of porous sandstone: Insights from the Aztec Sandstone, SE Nevada, USA

Fossen

Zuluaga

Ballas

et al. 2015

Journal of Structural Geology

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International audienceContractional deformation of highly porous sandstones is poorly explored, as compared to extensional deformation of such sedimentary rocks. In this work we explore the highly porous Aztec Sandstone in the footwall to the Muddy Mountain thrust in SE Nevada, which contains several types of deformation bands in the Buffington tectonic window: 1) Distributed centimeter-thick shear-enhanced compaction bands (SECBs) and 2) rare pure compaction bands (PCBs) in the most porous parts of the sandstone, cut by 3) thin cataclastic shear-dominated bands (CSBs) with local slip surfaces. Geometric and kinematic analysis of the SECBs, the PCBs and most of the CSBs shows that they formed during ∼E–W (∼100) shortening, consistent with thrusting related to the Cretaceous to early Paleogene Sevier orogeny of the North American Cordilleran thrust system. Based on stress path modeling, we suggest that the compactional bands (PCBs and SECBs) formed during contraction at relatively shallow burial depths, before or at early stages of emplacement of the Muddy Mountains thrust sheet. The younger cataclastic shear bands (CSBs, category 3), also related to E–W Sevier thrusting, are thinner and show larger shear offsets and thus more intense cataclasis, consistent with the initiation of cataclastic shear bands in somewhat less porous materials. Observations made in this work support earlier suggestions that contraction lead to more distributed band populations than what is commonly found in the extensional regime, and that shear-enhanced compaction bands are widespread only where porosity (and permeability) is high

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Section: Pure Compaction Bandsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contractional deformation of porous sandstone: Insights from the Aztec Sandstone, SE Nevada, USA

Fossen

Zuluaga

Ballas

et al. 2015

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…For the past decade, compaction bands have been identified and investigated in porous rocks as a new form of strain localization. In 1996, Mollema and Antonellini [1] observed some strain localization bands perpendicular to the speculated maximum principal stress in Navajo sandstone in southern Utah and named them as a compaction band. A compaction band is a tabular structure sub-perpendicular to the maximum principal stress without obvious shear strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity

Han

Liu

Wang

2013

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Since Mollema and Antonellini observed compaction bands in the field in 1996, different patterns of compaction bands have been found in laboratory experiments. There are some discrepancies between the laboratory experiments and the field observations: compared to the field observation, the stress levels required to induce compaction bands in laboratory experiments are usually higher than the inferred in the field, and the grain crushing are more intense in the laboratory experiments. In this paper, compaction bands were observed at the maximal principal stresses below 8 MPa, which is lower than the stress level inferred in the field, and there was no severe comminution inside the compaction bands. Experimental results indicate that the porosity and confining pressure have great impacts on the types of localization bands. Lower porosity and confining pressure can promote the growth of shear bands and high-angle shear bands. Higher porosity and confining pressure can promote the growth of discrete compaction bands. Intermediate porosity and confining pressure are favorable for the growth of hybrid modes involving two of the three, i.e., discrete compaction band, diffuse compaction band and high-angle shear band. The formation of discrete compaction bands is more unstable compared to diffuse compaction bands. The two types of compaction bands can appear in the same type rocks, and diffuse compaction bands are formed under lower confining pressure compared to discrete compaction bands. The reduction of permeability was within 2 orders of magnitude in this study, and it is 23 orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by other researchers. porous rock, compaction band, permeability evolution Citation:Han G F, Liu X L, Wang E Z. Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity.

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“…Among the best documented field case studies of CBs are the Buckskin Gulch site in south central Utah [Mollema and Antonellini, 1996] and the Valley of Fire site in southern Nevada [Sternolf, 2006]. Both sites involve as favorable characteristics to CB formation the presence of coarse-grained, high-porosity sandstone [Schultz, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the main proposed collapse mechanisms are bond breakage [Nova et al, 2003], grain crushing [Mollema and Antonellini, 1996], pore collapse and pressure solution [Lajtai, 1974;Fletcher and Pollard, 1981;Olsson, 1999;De Meer et al, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical effects during compaction band formation affecting their spatial periodicity

Cecinato

Gajo

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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Compaction bands (CBs) are responsible for significant anisotropy alterations of permeability in geological materials; hence, understanding their formation conditions appears of key importance to all applications involving fluid extraction/injection from/into the ground. While most of the available models to understand CB formation are focused on interpreting the onset of a single CB, little effort has been so far dedicated to understand the documented periodicity of CBs. In this paper, the role of dynamical effects in inducing the post onset evolution of CBs is analyzed by means of a dedicated model for porous media with compressible constituents, with reference to a horizontal layer of sandy, water-saturated material. Elastic waves are generated as a first CB occurs due to sudden, localized volumetric collapse. If the waves are reflected at the interface with a softer material or with a previously formed CB, they produce significant local effective stress concentrations, which can promote the formation of further CBs in a cascade fashion, according to a regular geometric pattern. The spatial distribution of dynamically generated CBs, as well as the extent of the phenomenon, depends on the geometry of the domain and on the material's permeability. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to assess the key properties that promote dynamical CB in situ formation, identifying as the most influential conditions large stratum stiffness (increasing with depth) and the presence of softer layers. In contrast, the presence of less permeable and/or stiffer layers is not believed to play a major role in the proposed mechanism.

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Compaction bands: a structural analog for anti-mode I cracks in aeolian sandstone

Cited by 334 publications

References 19 publications

Contractional deformation of porous sandstone: Insights from the Aztec Sandstone, SE Nevada, USA

Contractional deformation of porous sandstone: Insights from the Aztec Sandstone, SE Nevada, USA

Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity

Dynamical effects during compaction band formation affecting their spatial periodicity

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