Community forest management in Indonesia: Avoided deforestation in the context of anthropogenic and climate complexities

Santika, Truly; Meijaard, Erik; Budiharta, Sugeng; Law, Elizabeth A.; Kusworo, Ahmad; Hutabarat, Joseph A.; Indrawan, Tito P.; Struebig, Matthew J.; Raharjo, Sugeng; Huda, Imanul; Sulhani,; Ekaputri, A.D.; Trison, Soni; Stigner, Madeleine; Wilson, Kerrie A.

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.002

Cited by 140 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We found evidence of both positive effects (Bowler et al, 2012;Fortmann, Sohngen, & Southgate, 2017;Pelletier, Gélinas, & Skutsch, 2016) and no effects (Heltberg, 2001;Pelletier et al, 2016;Rasolofoson, Ferraro, Jenkins, & Jones, 2015) of CFM on deforestation within the delineated forests, but no evidence of worsening deforestation ( Figure S4). If we only consider quasi-experimental studies (Study III evidence type, Table 1), the number of neutral outcomes exceeds the number of positive outcomes (Rasolofoson et al, 2015;Santika et al, 2017). The systematic reviews that we included in our database found more evidence of CFM reducing forest degradation (defined differently by individual studies) rates rather than deforestation rates, which stayed similar (Bowler et al, 2012;Pelletier et al, 2016).…”

Section: Community Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

What works in tropical forest conservation, and what does not: Effectiveness of four strategies in terms of environmental, social, and economic outcomes

Buřivalová

Allnutt²,

Rademacher³

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Tropical forests and their biodiversity are disappearing, despite decades of conservation efforts. Are we now in a position to understand whether some conservation strategies work better while others consistently fail in protecting tropical forests? We searched the literature to evaluate four mainstream strategies (forest certification and reduced impact logging, payments for ecosystem services, protected areas, community forest management) in terms of 35 environmental, social, and economic metrics. We evaluated whether applying the strategy improved, left unchanged, or worsened the conservation metrics and we created an interactive platform to view the data. We concluded that (a) the scientific literature on the effectiveness of conservation strategies in tropical forests is still vastly inadequate, due to poor design, lack of scope, and too few examples; (b) the effects of conservation on biodiversity and the economic outcomes of conservation are particularly understudied; and (c) all strategies fail at least some of the times, but all of them succeed at least some times. Our recommendation is that each new instance of implementing a given strategy should consider in detail, at the very least, the negative evidence on the given strategy, in order to avoid repeating the same mistakes. We introduce an interactive, dynamic platform to host various types of conservation effectiveness evidence.

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Section: Community Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

What works in tropical forest conservation, and what does not: Effectiveness of four strategies in terms of environmental, social, and economic outcomes

Buřivalová

Allnutt²,

Rademacher³

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…with a core area >2 km 2 ), isolated HCVAs are identified during HCV assessments, then provision should be made to reconnect these areas via restoration of the intervening plantation matrix. Hence, future revisions to the standard should explicitly ensure that large, isolated HCVAs are reconnected to other tracts of forest such as public protected areas, community‐managed forests (Santika et al, ), and/or production forests, which can maintain high levels of biodiversity (Edwards et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improving the quality of HCVAs may not only benefit landscape connectivity but also provide important ecosystem services such as pollination (Kormann et al, 2016) and prevention of soil erosion (Dislich et al, 2017). To incentivize oil palm growers to enhance forest qual- (Santika et al, 2017), and/or production forests, which can maintain high levels of biodiversity (Edwards et al, 2011). HCVAs at landscape scales and facilitate cooperation between neighbouring RSPO member plantations.…”

Section: Conservation Implications and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the benefits of conservation set‐asides for improved habitat connectivity in tropical agricultural landscapes

Scriven

Carlson

Hodgson

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Habitat connectivity is important for tropical biodiversity conservation. Expansion of commodity crops, such as oil palm, fragments natural habitat areas, and strategies are needed to improve habitat connectivity in agricultural landscapes. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) voluntary certification system requires that growers identify and conserve forest patches identified as High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) before oil palm plantations can be certified as sustainable. We assessed the potential benefits of these conservation set‐asides for forest connectivity.We mapped HCVAs and quantified their forest cover in 2015. To assess their contribution to forest connectivity, we modelled range expansion of forest‐dependent populations with five dispersal abilities spanning those representative of poor dispersers (e.g. flightless insects) to more mobile species (e.g. large birds or bats) across 70 plantation landscapes in Borneo.Because only 21% of HCVA area was forested in 2015, these conservation set‐asides currently provide few connectivity benefits. Compared to a scenario where HCVAs contain no forest (i.e. a no‐RSPO scenario), current HCVAs improved connectivity by ~3% across all dispersal abilities. However, if HCVAs were fully reforested, then overall landscape connectivity could improve by ~16%. Reforestation of HCVAs had the greatest benefit for poor to intermediate dispersers (0.5–3 km per generation), generating landscapes that were up to 2.7 times better connected than landscapes without HCVAs. By contrast, connectivity benefits of HCVAs were low for highly mobile populations under current and reforestation scenarios, because range expansion of these populations was generally successful regardless of the amount of forest cover. Synthesis and applications. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) requires that High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) be set aside to conserve biodiversity, but HCVAs currently provide few connectivity benefits because they contain relatively little forest. However, reforested HCVAs have the potential to improve landscape connectivity for some forest species (e.g. winged insects), and we recommend active management by plantation companies to improve forest quality of degraded HCVAs (e.g. by enrichment planting). Future revisions to the RSPO's Principles and Criteria should also ensure that large (i.e. with a core area >2 km2) HCVAs are reconnected to continuous tracts of forest to maximize their connectivity benefits.

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“…But the durations of storage and ecological disturbance are different (Uttaruk & Laosuwan 2018). Although the potential for reducing greenhouse gases in the agriculture sector is not quite distinctly effective as other manufacturing sectors, however, agricultural areas can help reduce greenhouse gases and capture carbon in plants and soils as well (Liebig et al 2010;Sainju 2015;Santika et al 2017). While other manufacturing sectors, particularly industries, could not reduce existing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Prototype Project for Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction from Thailand’s Agricultural Sector

Uttaruk¹,

Laosuwan²

2019

JSM

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At present, the world is facing many crises. One of the major crises is the climate change problem or the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. This is ranked as the main cause of global warming. The purpose of this research was to develop a prototype project for carbon storage and GHG emissions reduction from the agricultural sector according to T-VER methods developed for Thailand. The research methods were to calculate the carbon storage of trees and the GHG emissions reduction according to the T-VER-METH-AGR-02. The results of the project implementation can summarize the amount of GHG in the whole study area of 115,520 m 2 as follows; The carbon storage from the yearly project implementation was at 69.54 tCO 2 e/y and the carbon storage within 7 years of the project implementation was at 486.78 tCO 2 e. The GHG emissions reduction from the yearly project implementation was at 0.307 tCO 2 e/y and the GHG emissions reduction within 7 years of the project implementation was at 2.149 tCO 2 e. . The calculation of the amount of carbon storage and GHG emissions from the activities during the project lifetime was found at 488.93 tCO 2 e. In addition, orchard owners can use this research-based approach to calculate the carbon storage of trees and the GHG emissions reduction in their orchards and to prepare for the carbon offset process from voluntary sector under the T-VER. ABSTRAKPada masa ini, dunia sedang menghadapi banyak krisis. Salah satu krisis utama adalah masalah perubahan iklim atau kesan rumah hijau yang disebabkan oleh karbon dioksida yang dilepaskan ke atmosfera. Ia merupakan penyebab utama pemanasan global. Tujuan penyelidikan ini diadakan adalah untuk membangunkan satu projek prototip bagi penyimpanan karbon serta pengurangan pelepasan GHG daripada sektor pertanian mengikut metod T-VER yang dibangunkan untuk Thailand. Kaedah penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menghitung penyimpanan karbon oleh pokok dan pengurangan pelepasan GHG mengikut T-VER-METH-AGR-02. Keputusan daripada pelaksanaan projek ini boleh merumuskan jumlah GHG dalam keseluruhan kawasan kajian iaitu 115,520 m 2 seperti berikut; penyimpanan karbon daripada pelaksanaan projek tahunan ialah pada 69.54 tCO 2 e/y dan penyimpanan karbon dalam tempoh 7 tahun dari pelaksanaan projek ialah pada 486.78 tCO 2 e, pengurangan pengeluaran GHG daripada pelaksanaan projek tahunan ialah pada 0.307 tCO 2 e/y dan pengurangan pengeluaran GHG dalam tempoh 7 tahun pelaksanaan projek adalah pada 2.149 tCO 2 e . Pengiraan jumlah penyimpanan karbon dan pengeluaran GHG daripada aktiviti sepanjang tempoh projek ialah pada 488.93 tCO 2 e. Di samping itu, para pemilik kebun boleh menggunakan pendekatan berasaskan penyelidikan ini untuk menghitung penyimpanan karbon oleh pokok dan pengurangan pengeluaran GHG di dalam kebun mereka serta menyediakan proses ofset karbon daripada sektor sukarela di bawah T-VER. Kata kunci: Pengurangan pengeluaran GHG; penyimpanan karbon; sektor pertanian; T-VER

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Community forest management in Indonesia: Avoided deforestation in the context of anthropogenic and climate complexities

Cited by 140 publications

References 74 publications

What works in tropical forest conservation, and what does not: Effectiveness of four strategies in terms of environmental, social, and economic outcomes

What works in tropical forest conservation, and what does not: Effectiveness of four strategies in terms of environmental, social, and economic outcomes

Testing the benefits of conservation set‐asides for improved habitat connectivity in tropical agricultural landscapes

Development of Prototype Project for Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction from Thailand’s Agricultural Sector

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