Community Consultations: Local Responses to Large-Scale Mining in Latin America

Walter, Mariana; Urkidi, Leire

doi:10.1007/978-1-137-50572-9_12

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…People may not only disagree about the intervention at stake or how the problem is conceived, but also about how to deal with such disagreements. For example, in conflicts around mining projects with potentially high environmental impacts on surrounding ecosystems, local populations often prefer a local referendum as a decision making tool, while mining companies frequently prefer the adoption of a compensation rationale [40]. The key point is that such choices do not only reflect different strategies in conflict management, but most importantly different ways of relating to nature and languages of valuation.…”

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confidence: 99%

A typology of elementary forms of human-nature relations: a contribution to the valuation debate

Muradian

Pascual

2018

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

117

105

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This article aims to contribute to the debate about the role of relational values in environmental decision making. It puts forward a typology of 'human-nature relational models' as a contribution to the valuation debate. We argue that human-nature relational models, by taking insights from several disciplines and stressing the notion of cognitive frameworks, can be useful to understand core drivers of individual and social behavior behind environmental change and socio-environmental conflicts. A 'relational models' approach calls for understanding the diversity of cognitive frameworks conditioning our interaction with nature, with the ultimate goal of avoiding, mitigating, transforming and resolving socio-environmental conflicts.

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confidence: 99%

A typology of elementary forms of human-nature relations: a contribution to the valuation debate

Muradian

Pascual

2018

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

117

105

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“…On the one hand, the contradictory nature of the modern state generates multiple orientations and conflicts among state agencies with disparate goals (Göbel and Ulloa, 2014;Harrison, 1996;Hochstetler and Keck, 2007;McAllister, 2008;Merlinsky, 2013a;Scheberle, 2005), which in turn are exacerbated by the struggle between the different levels of government (Fearnside, 2003;Gutiérrez, 2018;Urkidi and Walter, 2011;Walter and Urkidi, 2016). On the other hand, it creates opportunities for the mobilization and influence of social organizations concerned with environmental protection (Gutiérrez, 2018;Hochstetler and Keck, 2007).…”

Section: Environmental Actorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distributive Politics of Environmental Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean

Alcañiz

Gutiérrez

2022

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The study of environmental politics in Latin America and the Caribbean expands as conflicts stemming from the deterioration of the natural world increase. Yet this scholarship has not generated a broad research agenda similar to the ones that emerged around other key political phenomena. This Element seeks to address the lack of a comprehensive research agenda in Latin American and Caribbean environmental politics and helps integrate the existing, disparate literatures. Drawing from distributive politics, this Element asks who benefits from the appropriation and pollution of the environment, who pays the costs of climate change and environmental degradation, and who gains from the allocation of state protections.

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“…Resistance, then, is rooted in violent pasts of racism and exclusion (Caxaj et al, 2013). Community consultations have often been organized as a way of challenging top-down consultations (Walter & Urkidi, 2016) and Environmental Impact Assessments, which are perceived as a limited way to express concerns or influence development projects (Perrault, 2013). Although this form of resistance has produced processes of engagement and participation on the local level and has resulted in numerous municipalities and regions in Latin America declaring themselves 'free of mining', it generally does not in-fluence national decision-making processes directly; only in very few cases has it actually stopped extractive projects.…”

Section: Resistance and Violence In Natural Resource Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, there is a growing, well-organized, multi-scaled resistance against megaprojects. People have organized community consultations, prepared lawsuits, gone to human rights courts to resist gold mining, palm oil plantations and power dams (Walter & Urkidi, 2016). In the course of growing social mobilization, the language of resistance has moved slowly from demanding inclusion in the decision-making processes about resource use towards a discourse of territorial autonomy.…”

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Citizens, Criminalization and Violence in Natural Resource Conflicts in Latin America

Rasch

2017

ERLACS

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In Latin America grassroots organizing against megaprojects such as open pit mining, oil extraction, hydro dams and large plantations goes hand in hand with increased criminalization of social protest and violations of the human rights of activists. This results in numerous communities demanding a clean environment, participation, and justice -all at the same time. They not only face foreign companies, but are also caught in the middle of armed and non-armed actors that contest the same territory and its natural resources. Their resistance is considered as a threat to internal security; citizens are increasingly viewed as criminals. This paper suggests new avenues for research that is located at the nexus of local resistance towards megaprojects and the increase of human rights violations and criminalization in natural resource conflicts. It proposes, first, to approach natural resource conflicts as hybrid spaces where citizenship is constructed in relation to multiple actors that engage in processes of providing, protecting and violating citizenship rights, and second, to study such processes by way of slow ethnography. Such an approach to natural resource conflicts paves the way not only for understanding how citizens engage in acts of resistance and experience violations of human rights, but also how such processes shape new subject-positions. Keywords: Latin America, extraction, citizenship, human rights, violence, engaged ethnography.Resumen: Ciudadanos como criminales: Ciudadanía, criminalización y violencia en conflictos sobre recursos naturales En América Latina la resistencia a mega proyectos como la minería a cielo abierto, la extracción de petróleo, la construcción de hidroeléctricas y el monocultivo de grandes extensiones va de la mano con la criminalización de la protesta social y violaciones de los derechos humanos de los activistas. Eso resulta en comunidades que demandan un ambiente sano, participación y justicia social al mismo tiempo. Estas comunidades no solamente enfrentan las compañías extranjeras, sino también se encuentran atrapadas entre actores armados y no armados que compiten por el control de sus territorios y los recursos naturales asociados. La resistencia de las comunidades es considerado como una amenaza a la seguridad interna; los ciudadanos son vistos cada vez más como criminales. Este artículo sugiere nuevas vías para investigar el nexo de la resistencia local a los megaproyectos por un lado, y el aumento de las violaciones de los derechos humanos y la criminalización de actores sociales

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Community Consultations: Local Responses to Large-Scale Mining in Latin America

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

A typology of elementary forms of human-nature relations: a contribution to the valuation debate

A typology of elementary forms of human-nature relations: a contribution to the valuation debate

The Distributive Politics of Environmental Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean

Citizens, Criminalization and Violence in Natural Resource Conflicts in Latin America

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