Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Summary Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in hospitals worldwide and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Healthcare-associated MRSA infections occur in individuals with predisposing risk factors for disease, such as surgery or presence of an indwelling medical device. By contrast, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections often occur in otherwise healthy individuals who lack such risk factors. In addition, CA-MRSA infections are epidemic in some countries. These observations suggest that CA-MRSA strains are more virulent and transmissible than traditional hospital-associated MRSA strains. Relatively limited treatment options for CA-MRSA infections compound the problem of enhanced virulence and transmission. Although progress has been made toward understanding emergence of CA-MRSA, virulence, and treatment of infections, our knowledge in these areas remains incomplete. Here were review the most current knowledge in these areas and provide perspective on future outlook for prophylaxis and/or new therapies for CA-MRSA infections.

Detección del gen mecA en cepas de Staphylococcus coagulasa positiva aisladas desde gatos

“…A pesar de poseer un espectro de acción más amplio y menos potencia que sus predecesores, su uso fue restringido casi exclusivamente al tratamiento de infecciones causadas por cepas de S. aureus productores de β-lactamasas. Desafortunadamente, las primeras cepas de S. aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM) fueron identificadas casi inmediatamente después de su introducción en la práctica clínica 15 . Las cepas de SARM han sido consideradas tradicionalmente como patógenos intrahospitaliarios humanos (SARM-HA).…”

Studying Interactions of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> with Neutrophils by Flow Cytometry and Time Lapse Microscopy

“…Recently, community-associated (CA) strains of meticillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have emerged that seem to be very efficient in circumvention of neutrophil killing 2,3 . Excessive phenol soluble modulin (PSMs) production of CA-MRSA has been associated with higher virulence 4,5 . Human neutrophils can recognize these PSMs via FPR2 which lead to activation of this G-protein coupled receptor 6 .…”

Diseño de dos metodologías moleculares para la rápida identificación de aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina asociados a la comunidad en Colombia

“…Since then the number of reported cases has increased around the world, demonstrating a high capacity for infection and dissemination (2). In addition, the CA-MRSA isolates have begun to cause infections in hospitalized patients and to replace the clones of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) (3,4).…”

“…In addition, the CA-MRSA isolates have begun to cause infections in hospitalized patients and to replace the clones of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) (3,4). These isolates differ from the HA-MRSA forms in that they are more virulent and possess genetic components that cause infections even in healthy persons without apparent risk factors or prior contact in a hospital environment (2,5,6). Even though HA-MRSA has been a clinical concern for a long time, the infections caused by CA-MRSA have become the focal point for clinical and researchconcern.…”

“…Five CA-MRSA pandemic clones that have been described based on their sequence type (ST), as determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST): European clone (ST80); Oceanic clone (ST30); North-West Pacific clone (ST59); USA300 (ST8) and USA400 (ST1) (2). In South America, the appearance and dissemination of at least three of the CA-MRSA clones have been reported, but with different genetic characteristics.…”