Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Case Report of Acute Sinusitis With Orbital Extension in a Pregnant Lady

Khan, Shazma; Siddiqui, Salimuzzaman

doi:10.7759/cureus.12054

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the present study, 7/18; (39%) term positive and 3/4; (75%) of preterm isolates were tested for MRSA. The results follow the case study by Khan et al, 2020 where MRSA has also been reported in the placenta of preterm babies [9]. Hence, placental isolation of MRSA from preterm patients is highly significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Frequency and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Placenta of Mothers with Term and Preterm Deliveries

Farooqi

Kim

Kausar

et al. 2022

Life

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Globally, prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality (babies in the first four weeks of life) and now the second leading cause of mortality after pneumonia in children under age five. The neonatal gut microbial colonization is crucial in the human life cycle. Placental microbiota transmits from the gut microbiota plays a significant role in association with kinship. Simultaneously, this transition is being made from mother to infant. This comparative study explored the diversity of microbiota associated with term and preterm neonates by evaluating the placental samples. The study found that 16/68 (23.5%) full-term placental samples were positive for S. aureus; on the other hand, 4/16 (25%) preterm placental samples confirmed culture growth for S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns showed that Staphylococcusaureus (S. aureus) isolates from both types of samples were resistant to Ofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Oxacillin, and Cefoxitin. However, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection was 43.75% in full-term and 75% in preterm placental samples. Moreover, two isolates were positive for both mecA and PVL virulent genes, and the rest were positive only for the mecA gene. Interestingly few isolates lacked both characteristic MRSA genes, mecA and PVL. Notably, resistances were more inclined towards preterm samples for antimicrobial susceptibility and MRSA screening. It may be concluded that there is a significant presence of S. aureus in the placenta of mothers with term and preterm deliveries which might be responsible for preterm deliveries. Therefore, judicious use of antibiotics during pregnancies may help prevent preterm births.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The placenta plays a pivotal role in nourishing the fetus and provides humoral immunity to the newborn [6,7]. The placenta harbors the intracellular bacteria that synthesize a wide variety of cytokines, and it may also house pathogenic bacteria and eventually preterm birth (PTB) [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Placenta of Mothers with Term and Preterm Deliveries

Farooqi

Kim

Kausar

et al. 2022

Life

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“…The oral cavity and the skin of dogs host a varied microbial flora, including many species of opportunistic pathogens, which can be responsible for even serious health problems in high-risk individuals (young, elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people). Transmission generally occurs through the bite, contact with saliva, mucous membranes, or on an open wound; this can cause serious infections in high-risk patients [ 43 , 44 ]. Indeed, it is known that hand washing is a critical point, a moment to pay attention to, as it is one of the best hygiene measures to remove germs, avoid getting sick, and prevent the spread and the transmission of opportunistic germs to others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistant Staphylococcus Species Colonization in Dogs, Their Owners, and Veterinary Staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples, Italy

Nocera,

Pizzano,

Masullo

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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This study aimed to identify Staphylococcus species isolated from nasal swabs of both healthy and diseased dogs, and those of human origin, obtained from nasal swabs of both owners and veterinary staff. Firstly, pet owners were requested to complete a questionnaire relating to the care and relationship with their pets, whose results mainly showed a statistically significant higher frequency of hand washing in diseased dogs’ owners than in healthy dogs’ owners. Canine nasal swabs were obtained from 43 diseased dogs and 28 healthy dogs, while human nasal swabs were collected from the respective dogs’ owners (71 samples) and veterinary staff (34 samples). The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. were followed by disk diffusion method to define the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 18 different molecules. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most frequent isolated strain in both diseased (33.3%) and healthy (46.1%) dogs. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent isolated bacterium in diseased dogs’ owners (66.6%), while in nasal samples of healthy dogs’ owners, the same frequency of isolation (38.4%) was observed for both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. All the isolated strains showed good susceptibility levels to the tested antimicrobials; however, the carriage of oxacillin-resistant strains was significantly higher in diseased dogs than in healthy ones (71% and 7.7%, respectively). Only in three cases the presence of the same bacterial species with similar antimicrobial resistance profiles in dogs and their owners was detected, suggesting the potential bacterial transmission. In conclusion, this study suggests potential transmission risk of staphylococci from dogs to humans or vice versa, and highlights that the clinical relevance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius transmission from dog to human should not be underestimated, as well as the role of Staphylococcus aureus from human to dog transmission.

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“…Despite this, CNS infections sustained by SA have been described also in immunocompetent patients without any known risk factors [17]. Furthermore, immunomodulation occurring in pregnancy has been occasionally reported as a risk factor for the spreading of SA to CNS from contiguous sites [18].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How we deal with Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) central nervous system infections

Antonello¹,

Riccardi²

2022

Front. Biosci. (Schol Ed)

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Among central nervous system (CNS) infections (e.g., meningitis, brain abscess, ventriculitis, transverse myelitis), those caused by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) are particularly challenging both in management and treatment, with poor clinical outcomes and long hospital stay. It has been estimated that SA is responsible for around 1%-7% of meningitis (up to 19% in healthcare-associated meningitis). Recent neurosurgical procedures and immunocompromisation are major risk factors for SA CNS infections. Hand hygiene, surveillance nasal swabs and perioperative prophylaxis are crucial points for effective SA infections prevention. In case of SA-CNS infections, pending microbiological results, anti-methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) antibiotic, with good CNS penetration, should be included, with prompt de-escalation as soon as MRSA is ruled out. Consultation with an expert in antimicrobial therapy is recommended as well as prompt source control when feasible. In this narrative review, we reviewed current literature to provide practical suggestions on diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of SA CNS infections.

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Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Case Report of Acute Sinusitis With Orbital Extension in a Pregnant Lady

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Frequency and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Placenta of Mothers with Term and Preterm Deliveries

Frequency and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Placenta of Mothers with Term and Preterm Deliveries

Antimicrobial Resistant Staphylococcus Species Colonization in Dogs, Their Owners, and Veterinary Staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples, Italy

How we deal with Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) central nervous system infections

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