Community-acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a pathogen that causes infections mainly in immunocompromised patients. However, community-acquired S. maltophilia infections have been occasionally reported. The objective of this paper was to collect and evaluate the available published data referring to community-acquired S. maltophilia infections. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for articles providing data for patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections. Eight case series and 23 case reports (involving 77 and 26 patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections, respectively) were regarded as eligible for inclusion in our review. Regarding the 77 patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections included in the identified case series, 45 had bacteremia, six ocular infections, five respiratory tract infections, four wound/soft tissue infections, two urinary tract infections, one conjunctivitis, one otitis, and one cellulitis; data were not reported for the remaining 12 patients. Comorbidity (such as malignancy, HIV infection, prior hospitalization) was common. Data included in the eight case series regarding the outcome of infection were limited. From the 26 patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections reported in the case reports, 22 were cured from the infection, whereas 4 of 26 patients died; one death was attributed to septic shock due to S. maltophilia. Several publications report patients with community-acquired S. maltophilia infections; the majority of them refer to patients with some kind of comorbidity. Physicians should be aware that S. maltophilia infections are not restricted to hospitalized patients.

Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Complicated by <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> Peritonitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…However, our patient developed bacterial peritonitis secondary to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a very uncommon pathogen. This gram-negative rod is commonly implicated in nosocomial infections; however, it may rarely be communityacquired (31). In the present case, this organism was either acquired from the hospital (likely source being the ascitic drain) or from the community.…”

Comparative Study of the Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Alone and in Combination with Levofloxacin against &lt;i&gt;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia&lt;/i&gt;

“…maltophilia is an important opportunistic pathogen that can be isolated from a variety of sources and lead to bacteremia, endocarditis and pneumonia under the condition of the patients with hypoimmunity [18]. As the recommended drug for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections, SXT has been applied in clinical for many years.…”

A Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient With Febrile Neutropenia Developing After Intraocular Administration of Bevacizumab

“…Neutropenia is one of the most important risk factors associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. 9 Particularly in hospitalized patients, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen with multiple drug resistance. 10 Treatment may be challenging due to its intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics.…”