Common Mucosal Immune System and Strategies for the Development of Vaccines Effective at the Mucosal Surfaces

Městecký, Jiří; Abraham, Rebecca; Ogra, Pearay L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-524730-6.50036-1

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…2 However, oral administration of an antigen can also elicit an epitope-specific immunity. [31][32][33][34] Indeed, side by side with immunosuppressive-cytokines-secreting cells (e.g., TGF-␤ ) that appear after oral tolerization, a second population of cells, secreting pro-inflammatory-cytokines (e.g., IFN-␥) can be found in the gut wall, mainly in Peyer' s patches. 22,23 Thus, orally administered antigen elicits a local pro-inflammatory response, IFN-␥-mediated, in the gut mucosa, along with a systemic TGF-␤ and IL4-mediated antiinflammatory response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver-associated lymphocytes expressing NK1.1 are essential for oral immune tolerance induction in a murine model

et al. 1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver-associated lymphocytes expressing NK1.1 are essential for oral immune tolerance induction in a murine model

et al. 1999

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“…In order to be efficacious, vaccines against enteric infections should induce a specific secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) as well as an adequate systemic immune response (24). To exploit the practicality of oral immunization and the superiorability of this route to induce protective immune responses, the effects of substances that can modulate the responses to orally administered antigens must be determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal and Systemic Immune Responses to an Oral Cholera Toxoid B Subunit Whole-Cell Vaccine Administered during Zinc Supplementation

et al. 2003

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Zinc plays a critical role in the normal functioning of the immune system. We investigated whether zinc sulfate administered orally to adult zinc-replete volunteers modulates systemic and intestinal immune responses to an oral killed cholera toxoid B subunit (CTB) whole-cell cholera vaccine. The 30 participants were immunized twice, with a 17-day interval. The vaccinees in the intervention group ingested 45 mg of elemental zinc thrice daily for 9 days starting 2 days before each vaccine dose. The median serum anti-CTB immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG responses from day 0 to day 30, i.e. after two vaccine doses, were 13-fold lower (P value for identical distribution, <0.005) in the zinc-supplemented compared to the nonsupplemented vaccinees. The median serum vibriocidal responses from baseline to after one (day 0 to day 17) and two (day 0 to day 30) vaccine doses were at least sixfold (P ‫؍‬ 0.033) and fourfold (P ‫؍‬ 0.091) higher, while the median fecal anti-CTB IgA response after two doses was estimated to be fourfold higher (P ‫؍‬ 0.084) in the zinc-supplemented vaccinees. These observations show that zinc reduces the antitoxin and may enhance the antibacterial responses in serum. Zinc may also improve the intestinal antitoxin immune response. Oral zinc administration has the potential to modify critical immune responses to antigens applied to mucosal surfaces.As a constituent of many biological systems, zinc is an essential nutrient and plays a critical role in the normal functioning of the immune system (4,25,31,38). Several in vitro studies have shown that the immunomodulatory effects of zinc closely resemble the actions of several well-characterized adjuvants (e.g., aluminum salts) that selectively activate specific T-cell subpopulations controlling immune responses (3,13).In vitro studies indicate that there is a delicate zinc concentration dependency for lymphocyte and monocyte activation (22,31,38). Zinc dosage regimens for achieving modulation of these processes in vivo are not established and may differ depending on the desired outcome. To achieve adequate immunomodulation, zinc supplementation should probably coincide with the 7 to 10 days of maximum clonal expansion of lymphocytes following immunization (14,15,22,36). The dose administered has to induce adequate zinc concentrations in the appropriate lymphoid tissues (8, 34).The clinical effects of zinc are known from several studies in developing countries, where zinc supplementation substantially reduces the severity and duration of diarrhea in children and also reduces the incidence of diarrhea (6). Somewhat surprisingly, these effects do not seem to be limited to those who are malnourished or zinc deficient; zinc also has substantial preventive effects in children with normal plasma zinc levels (5).In order to be efficacious, vaccines against enteric infections should induce a specific secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) as well as an adequate systemic immune response (24). To exploit the practicality of oral immunization and the superiorability o...

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“…Previously, it was shown that S-IgA response is typical of antigen administration by oral route [17,19], which would explain the above observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) (e.g., Peyer's patches) has the central role of antigen uptake and induction of mucosal immune response. The luminal surface of Peyer's patches is covered by a specialized epithelium that consists of cuboidal epithelial cells and unique antigen-sampling cells, termed M cells [17,19]. M cells take up luminal antigens by endocytosis and deliver them to underlying lymphoid cells presented in the dome region of Peyer's patches for antigen sensitization of T cells and precursor IgA B cells [15,18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Externally secreted immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies, following the oral invasion or administration of antigens, perform important functions in this system. S-IgA can neutralize biologically active antigens such as viruses, toxins, and enzymes, prevent uptake of antigens from the intestinal tract, and inhibit adherence of bacteria to epithelial surfaces [15,17]. Thus, the selective induction of specific S-IgA antibodies is desirable for the prevention of infectious disease contracted through the large area of mucosal surfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Liposomes for Development of Oral Vaccines: Study of In Vitro Stability of Liposomes and Antibody Response to Antigen Associated with Liposomes after Oral Immunization.

Han

Watarai

Kobayashi

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In order to evaluate the usefulness of liposomes as oral vaccines, the stability of liposomes and serum IgA antibody response to antigen associated with liposomes after oral administration were examined. Liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS), and cholesterol (Chol) (1:1:2, molar ratio), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and Chol (7:2, molar ratio), and DSPC, DPPS, and Chol (7:3:2 or 1:1:2, molar ratio) were stable in acidic solution (pH 2.0), bile, and pancreatin solution, whereas liposomes composed of DPPC and Chol (7:2, molar ratio) and DPPC, DPPS, and Chol (7:3:2, molar ratio) were unstable in pH 2.0 and/or bile solutions. After the oral immunization of antigen (ganglioside GM1)-containing liposomes composed of DPPC, DPPS, and Chol (1:1:2, molar ratio) to mice, the serum IgA antibody responses against ganglioside GM1 were found. Furthermore, when monophosphoryl lipid A was incorporated into liposomes containing ganglioside GM1, further augmentation of IgA responses to ganglioside GM1 was observed. On the other hand, the oral administration with liposomes composed of DPPC, Chol, and ganglioside GM1 (unstable liposomes), ganglioside GM1 mixed with liposomes composed of DPPC, DPPS and Chol, and ganglioside GM1 alone was unable to induce any detectable anti-ganglioside GM1 IgA antibody responses. These results suggest that liposomes which showed the stability to acidic solution, bile, and pancreatin solution would serve effectively as an oral delivery vehicle for inducing mucosal immune responses. -KEY WORDS: liposome, mucosal immunity, oral administration, oral vaccine, stability.

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Common Mucosal Immune System and Strategies for the Development of Vaccines Effective at the Mucosal Surfaces

Cited by 53 publications

References 129 publications

Liver-associated lymphocytes expressing NK1.1 are essential for oral immune tolerance induction in a murine model

Liver-associated lymphocytes expressing NK1.1 are essential for oral immune tolerance induction in a murine model

Intestinal and Systemic Immune Responses to an Oral Cholera Toxoid B Subunit Whole-Cell Vaccine Administered during Zinc Supplementation

Application of Liposomes for Development of Oral Vaccines: Study of In Vitro Stability of Liposomes and Antibody Response to Antigen Associated with Liposomes after Oral Immunization.

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