Comments on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by Gonzáles Suárez and Alonso

Frochoso, Manuel; Castañón, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1017/s0022143000016300

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Aerial photographs from 1969 show a darker area in the firn, interpreted by Frochoso and Castañón (1995) as ice similar to that described in 1992 by González Suárez and Alonso (1994). This darker area is, however, a zone of the firn with a higher water content.…”

Section: Glaciar Jou Negrosupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This earlier work pointed out that Iulure Surveys would make it possible to determine whether the glacier was stable or retreating. Frochoso and Castañón (1995) replied to this note saying they disagreed with most of the observations made on Glaciar Jou Negro, considering different small ice bodies, with no layers and a possible periglacial origin. For these authors, the use of the term glacier was also inadequate.…”

Section: The Editormentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The purpose of this note is to provide new data in order to clarify our previous conclusions and to reply to the opinions of Frochoso and Castañón (1995) with regard to the presence of glacial ice in the Jou Negro.…”

Section: The Editormentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Total exposure of the Glaciar Jou Negro ice, like that at the end of the melt season, in the autumn of 1995, is not possible at the beginning of summer or in years with higher precipitation, when only debris mounds emerge, surrounded by snow. This circumstance could have made Frochoso and Castañón (1995) think that there were several, small fossil ice bodies. There is, on the contrary, one continuous body of glacier ice from the cirque back wall to the frontal moraine (Fig.…”

Section: Glaciar Jou Negromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reply to the comments of Frochoso and Castañón on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by González Suárez and Alonso

Suárez¹,

Alonso

1996

J. Glaciol.

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Snow cover in th e moun ta i n o us areas of the C ordillera C a nui bri ca h as recentl y dimin. ished du e to very low prec ipita tion in recent yea rs. Th ese conditions h av(' mad e it possible to co ntinu e th e m o nitoring of glacier ice in th e J ou N eg ro, loca ted in th e kars ti c area of th e Pi cos de Europa . L ow snow cO\'er h as r e" ea led the full dim ensions of this ice m ass, th e cha rac teristi cs of whi ch indi ca te a glacier origin.Gl ac ia l' J ou \fegro \vas prev iously " isited in September 199 2 a nd th e res ults o f th e obser va ti o ns were published in a pre"ious n o te (Gonzalez Su a rez and Alonso, 1994) . This earlier w o rk pointed o u t th a t future sun'eys would make it possib le to d etermine wh eth er th e glacier was sta bl e or retreati ng. Frochoso a nd C as tanon ( 1995 ) repli ed to this no te saying th ey di sagreed with mos t of th e obsen 'a tions m a d e on Gl acia r J o u Negro, co nsid ering different sma ll ice b odi es, \I,ith n o laye rs and a possibl e peri g lacial ori gin . F o r th ese a uthors, th e use of th e term g lacier was also in adeq ua te. However , th e rirn laye r a t th e time of th eir vi sit \I'as thi c ke r th a n in September 1992 , as show n in th eir ph otogra ph. F or th a t reaso n, it is unlikel y th a t th ey were a ble to m a ke d etail ed obse rva ti ons of th e ice .Th e purpose of this no te is to provid e n ew d a ta in ord er to cla rify our previo us co nclusions a nd to repl y to the opi ni o ns of Frochoso a nd Cas ta llo n ( 1995 ) with rega rd to th e presence of g lac ia l ice in th e J o u N egro. GLACIAR JOU NEGRODuring rece nt yea rs, dec rease in snowfall in th e C ordill era C a n ta bri ca h as been co n sid e ra bl e. 1995 h as bee n an es pec ia ll y dry yea r. In th e m o unta in ous region s, perma nent snowfields, usua ll y occ urrin g in low insol ation zones a t th e end of th e 'umm er, ha"e bee n dras ti call y redu ced. Th er efor e, a t th e end o f th e summ er of 1995, th e sno\l'-cOl-c red a rea in Gl acia r J ou l\'egro was mu ch sma ll er th a n in 1992 . In 1995, loss of snow cover was so ex tensi"e th a t a large ice surface \I'as exp osed , making possibl e a d e tailed sun'ey o f th e g lacier, including direc t g ro und m eas urements, ex pl o ration of co nduits a nd d ebri s-m a rking for future co n tro is.Gl acier ice, with stra tifi ed d e bris layers, is exposed in mos t of th e a rea betwee n th e morain e a nd the cirqu e wall s. Oth er p arts arc cover ed b y ri rn or d e bri s (Fig. I ). Sn ow cOl'er occ urs in th e eas tern pa rt, close to th e bac k \I'a ll a nd in a small fronta l b a nd nex t to th e terminal morame. S urfi cial debris, tending to occ upy th e central t hi rd a nd fron ta l zo n es, consti tu tes a con tinu ous co\'eri ng fo rm ed by sca tte red clas ts. T n th e d ebris-covered a rea, se\'e n vertical sh a fts (moulin s), caused by wet precipita ti o n a nd surface m eltwa ter, were found. Ice thi c kn esses o r b etween 7 and 14 m were direc tly m easured a...

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Section: Glaciar Jou Negrosupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: The Editormentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: The Editormentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Glaciar Jou Negromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reply to the comments of Frochoso and Castañón on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by González Suárez and Alonso

Suárez¹,

Alonso

1996

J. Glaciol.

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“…In the 1990s, some researchers studied the Jou Negro ice patch, which yielded several interpretations. They considered this ice body to be a glacier or an ice patch (González Suárez andAlonso, 1994, 1996;Frochoso andCastañón, 1995, 1998;Alonso and González Suárez, 1998). These studies remarked on the existence of other ice bodies in Picos de Europa, and their corresponding LIA features.…”

Section: The 'Little Ice Age' In the Cantabrian High Mountains: Historical Glaciers In The Picos De Europamentioning

confidence: 99%

`Little Ice Age' glaciation and current glaciers in the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2008

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`Little Ice Age' (LIA) glacier advance has been registered in three of the main Iberian high mountain areas: Pyrenees, Picos de Europa and Sierra Nevada. During the LIA, three different glacial environments have been differentiated in these three ranges. A high mountain glacial environment exists in the Pyrenees, where the altitude and northern latitude developed the most complex glacial environment between the oceanic influence on the western side and the Mediterranean influence on the eastern side. In the Pyrenees the LIA glaciation occurred in 15 massifs where there are up to 100 cirques; however, today the glaciers remain only in the highest peaks. A marginal glacial environment exists in the Picos de Europa related to the oceanic influence and topography in an Atlantic high mountain: there were six glaciers in the Picos de Europa Massif during the LIA. A marginal glacial environment also exists in the Sierra Nevada, related to the northern orientation and altitude in a Mediterranean high mountain, where only one glacier, the southernmost of Europe, occurred during the LIA. Several variations of LIA glaciers have been found: historical maximum (from the end of the seventeenth to the beginning of the eighteenth centuries); minor retreat with secondary regrowth (mid-eighteenth to nineteenth centuries); and continuous retreat (from the end of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth centuries); followed by the almost complete extinction of the glaciers and an increase in the periglacial environment. There are now 29 glaciers in the Pyrenees, four buried icepatches in the Picos de Europa and one buried icepatch in the Sierra Nevada. The rise of ELAs from the last LIA glacial maximum until the present allows the calculation of an increase in temperatures of around 0.9°C in the Iberian high mountains.

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The glacial landscapes of the Iberian Peninsula within the Mediterranean region

Hughes

2022

Iberia, Land of Glaciers

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Comments on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by Gonzáles Suárez and Alonso

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Reply to the comments of Frochoso and Castañón on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by González Suárez and Alonso

Reply to the comments of Frochoso and Castañón on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by González Suárez and Alonso

`Little Ice Age' glaciation and current glaciers in the Iberian Peninsula

The glacial landscapes of the Iberian Peninsula within the Mediterranean region

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