Commentary on neuromyelitis optica associated with painful paroxysmal dystonia: case report and literature review

Rodríguez-Quiroga, Sergio Alejandro; Abaroa, Luz; Arakaki, Tomoko; Garretto, Nélida; Villa, Andrés

doi:10.1007/s13760-014-0389-5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A spinal cord syndrome with paroxysmal tonic spasms may be particularly suggestive for NMOSD (29,81). PTS may occur following the loss of inhibitory motor neurons in the central gray matter of the spinal cord (142). Abnormal demyelination can cause ephaptic transmission between the tracts causing spasms (65).…”

Section: Spasticity and Painful Tonic Spasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to physiotherapy, most frequent medications used to treat PTS are sodium-channel-blocking antiepileptic agents such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, clonazepam, and phenytoin sodium, as well as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, baclofen, and cannabinoids (3,5,31,202,203). It has been reported that topiramate at a daily dose of 400 mg can lead to the alleviation of PTS in AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD (67) and one AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD case with a favorable response to levetiracetam has been described (142). The highest efficacy for NMOSD-related PTS has been reported for carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and gabapentin (29,32), with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine outperforming gabapentin (32).…”

Section: Painful Tonic Spasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain in NMOSD and MOGAD: A Systematic Literature Review of Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Current Treatment Strategies

2020

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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Pain is highly prevalent and debilitating in NMOSD and MOGAD with a severe impact on quality of life, and there is a critical need for further studies to successfully treat and manage pain in these rare disorders. In NMOSD, pain has a prevalence of over 80%, and pain syndromes include neuropathic, nociceptive, and mixed pain, which can emerge in acute relapse or become chronic during the disease course. The impact of pain in MOGAD has only recently received increased attention, with an estimated prevalence of over 70%. These patients typically experience not only severe headache, retrobulbar pain, and/or pain on eye movement in optic neuritis but also neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Given the high relevance of pain in MOGAD and NMOSD, this article provides a systematic review of the current literature pertaining to pain in both disorders, focusing on the etiology of their respective pain syndromes and their pathophysiological background. Acknowledging the challenge and complexity of diagnosing pain, we also provide a mechanism-based classification of NMOSD- and MOGAD-related pain syndromes and summarize current treatment strategies.

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Section: Spasticity and Painful Tonic Spasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Painful Tonic Spasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain in NMOSD and MOGAD: A Systematic Literature Review of Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Current Treatment Strategies

2020

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“…[298] Sensory symptoms such as numbness, dysesthesia, pain, and tonic spasms are well documented and neuropathic pruitis and sudden sensineurial hearing loss are also reported. [230262290308] Headache of several etiologies is reported and is another possible first-presenting symptom. [163] NMOSD patients are also at an increased risk of seizures.…”

Section: Symptoms Of Neuromyelitis Opticamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review of neuromyelitis optica and clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica patients in Puerto Rico

Zarei¹,

Eggert²,

Franqui-Dominguez³

et al. 2018

Surg Neurol Int

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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is characterized by concurrent inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve (optic neuritis [ON]) and the spinal cord (myelitis). Multiple studies show variations in prevalence, clinical, and demographic features of NMO among different populations. In addition, ethnicity and race are known as important factors on disease phenotype and clinical outcomes. There are little data on information about NMO patients in underserved groups, including Puerto Rico (PR). In this research, we will provide a comprehensive overview of all aspects of NMO, including epidemiology, environmental risk factors, genetic factors, molecular mechanism, symptoms, comorbidities and clinical differentiation, diagnosis, treatment, its management, and prognosis. We will also evaluate the demographic features and clinical phenotype of NMO patients in PR. This will provide a better understanding of NMO and establish a basis of knowledge that can be used to improve care. Furthermore, this type of population-based study can distinguish the clinical features variation among NMO patients and will provide insight into the potential mechanisms that cause these variations.

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“…In 2013, Abaroa et al gave 19 NMOSD patients detailed questionnaires to determine the prevalence of tonic spasms/ paroxysmal dystonia (again, used interchangeably) [63]. Eighteen of the 19 patients reported tonic spasms/paroxysmal dystonia suggesting that these movement disorders may be highly prevalent in NMOSD patients [64].…”

Section: Spinal Dystonia Secondary To Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI showed a hyperintense lesion at the level of C1-4 suggesting acute myelitis with no associated brain lesions [65]. Abaroa et al responded to the Balasa report suggesting that longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis alongside tonic spasms may be a prominent presentation of NMOSD [63].…”

Section: Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal dystonia and other spinal movement disorders

Sarin

Lawal²,

Abboud

2023

Dystonia

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While traditionally considered a disorder of the basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellum, multiple reports have shown that spinal cord pathologies may lead to dystonia. In this article, we first discuss various spinal movement disorders and the differences between tonic spasms, spinal dystonia, spinal myoclonus, spinal tremors, and paroxysmal dyskinesia. We review potential pathogenesis of spinal dystonia. We then focus on reports of dystonia secondary to spinal cord demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. We conclude by discussing the potential treatment options for spinal dystonia.

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Commentary on neuromyelitis optica associated with painful paroxysmal dystonia: case report and literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Pain in NMOSD and MOGAD: A Systematic Literature Review of Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Current Treatment Strategies

Pain in NMOSD and MOGAD: A Systematic Literature Review of Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Current Treatment Strategies

Comprehensive review of neuromyelitis optica and clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica patients in Puerto Rico

Spinal dystonia and other spinal movement disorders

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