Combustion Performance of Several Nanosilicon-Based Nanoenergetics

Mason, B. Aaron; Groven, Lori J.; Son, Steven F.; Yetter, Richard A.

doi:10.2514/1.b34902

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(60 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Elongateds amples of pSi were prepared by etching at 22.5 mA cm À2 for 2700 seconds, resulting in pSi layers of 26.2 AE 0.2 mmd epth. Thesew ere loaded with PFPE as described before and initiated eitherw ithout confinement, or confined by being clamped betweent wo stainlesss teel blocks) [18].T he burning rate was measured to be 0.24 AE 0.01 ms À1 and 0.23 AE 0.01 ms À1 for unconfined and confined samples, respectively.P revious work with the same experimental conditions found that the burning rate of pSi loaded with SP was 88 AE 11 ms À1 (unconfined) and 276 AE 70 ms À1 (confined) [18].T he velocity of pSi loadedw ith PFPE is clearly much lower than when loaded with SP.However it is somewhat higher than the 0.014 ms À1 reported by Mason [11].I nt hat work, only very small samples of pSi loaded with PFPE (3 5mm 2 )w ere ignited, and the pSi had as ignificantly higher porosity (80 to 90 %) compared to the 66 %p orosity of our material. It is well known that for perchlorate baseds ystems, the structure of the pSi substrate has as ignificanti nfluence on the burning rate [18,21] and there is every expectation that similar influences would be observedf or fluorocarbon-loaded pSi.…”

Section: Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cautionary notes are presentinmuchofthe work reported on pSi, whichrecognize the hazards posed by these materials and serve as aremindertoreaders to handle the materials carefully.I no rder to fully realize the potential for these materials to be adopted into widespread use, the sensitiveness to initiation by various stimuli must be quantified. Standard tests are available to measure the sensitiveness to impact, friction and electrostatic discharge( ESD) enablingp Si energeticm aterials to be compared to more conventional alternatives [ 10].M ason [11] reported thats ili-con nanoparticles (< 100 nm particle diameter) loadedw ith sodium perchlorate (SP) would not initiate if struck by ad rop-weight (unspecified mass) from ah eighto f0 .38 m but would initiate if the weight was dropped from ah eight of 2.20 m. Churaman et al [12] foundt hat pSi films loaded with SP would not initiate when subjected to suddenacceleration forces at up to 5131 g. Mason [11] further reported thatm ixtures of silicon nanoparticles and SP would initiate if subjected to electric sparks having energies of less than 1mJ.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sensitiveness of Porous Silicon‐Based Nano‐Energetic Films

Plummer

Кузнецов

Gascooke

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanoporous silicon (pSi) films on a silicon wafer were loaded with sodium perchlorate and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) oxidizing agents. Sensitiveness to impact, friction and electrostatic discharge (ESD) of the resulting energetic thin films were investigated. It was observed that pSi loaded with perchlorate was sensitive at the lowest limit of detection for the available equipment (<4.9 J impact energy, <5 N friction force, and <45 mJ ESD spark energy). When loaded with PFPE the material was very sensitive to impact (<4.9 J), moderately sensitive to ESD (between 45 and 100 mJ) and insensitive to friction (>360 N). pSi loaded with either perchlorate or PFPE displayed behavior during sensitiveness testing similar to other primary explosive materials.

show abstract

Section: Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitiveness of Porous Silicon‐Based Nano‐Energetic Films

Plummer

Кузнецов

Gascooke

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To make silicon more reactive, previous work focused on employing aggressive condensed phase oxidizers. Transition metal oxides [4,[8][9][10][11], alkali metal nitrates [4,[9][10][11], perchlorates [9] and manganates [9] were explored as oxidizers for micron-sized and nanometric silicon powders. These compositions, though favorably reactive, do not fully exploit the potential of silicon as they yield largely condensed phase combustion products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Silicon-Metal Fluoride Reactive Composites

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fuel-rich composite powders combining elemental Si with the metal fluoride oxidizers BiF3 and CoF2 were prepared by arrested reactive milling. Reactivity of the composite powders was assessed using thermoanalytical measurements in both inert (Ar) and oxidizing (Ar/O2) environments. Powders were ignited using an electrically heated filament; particle combustion experiments were performed in room air using a CO2 laser as an ignition source. Both composites showed accelerated oxidation of Si when heated in oxidizing environments and ignited readily using the heated filament. Elemental Si, used as a reference, did not exhibit appreciable oxidation when heated under the same conditions and could not be ignited using either a heated filament or laser. Lower-temperature Si fluoride formation and oxidation were observed for the composites with BiF3; respectively, the ignition temperature for these composite powders was also lower. Particle combustion experiments were successful with the Si/BiF3 composite. The statistical distribution of the measured particle burn times was correlated with the measured particle size distribution to establish the effect of particle sizes on their burn times. The measured burn times were close to those measured for similar composites with Al and B serving as fuels.

show abstract

“…Silicon typically also possesses high predicted flame temperatures when mixed with various oxidizers [3], and surface functionalization of silicon wafers and powders is easily realized [4]. While there have been significant efforts to study micrometer-sized silicon powders in energetic compositions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], relatively little work has focused on the performance enhancement that nanoscale and nano-featured Si powders may provide [3,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that increased combustion performance can be achieved through hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces (i.e., surface functionalization) and that shorter Si nanowires and nanotubes (with constant diameter) yielded faster burning rates, many of which were faster than spherical Si powder. For commercial Si powder, Mason et al [22] have reported screening experiments for several oxidizers, and have shown that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has the highest predicted adiabatic combustion temperature of any fuel-oxidizer system investigated, suggesting that this composition may be of interest. Metal/ PTFE compositions have had considerable use as pyrotechnics [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], particularly as illuminants [23][24][25][26], due to the high radiant intensity of their combustion products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Silicon Powder Characteristics on the Combustion of Silicon/Teflon/Viton Nanoenergetics

Terry¹,

Lin

Manukyan

et al. 2014

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to its thin passivation layer, potentially good aging characteristics, and ease of surface functionalization nanoscale silicon (Si) may offer some advantages over nanoaluminum as a reactive fuel in nanoenergetic compositions, particularly with fluorine‐based oxidizers. Currently, Si nanopowder can be quite expensive and the quality of commercial powders has been found to vary drastically. As a result limited efforts have focused on the role of specific surface area, active content, morphology, and dominant particle size of the powder have on the combustion performance. In this work we report the effect of such characteristics on the combustion of silicon (Si)/polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)/FC‐2175 (Viton) (SiTV) nanoenergetics. A cost effective combustion synthesis route, salt assisted combustion synthesis, was used to produce several Si powders and these were directly compared to commercial nanoscale Si powders. Reactive mixtures of SiTV were burned at atmospheric conditions and burning rates, combustion temperatures, spectral intensities, and effective plume emissivities were measured. Measured combustion temperatures ranged from 1664 to 2380 K and were limited by Si powder active content. This was found to drive plume emissivity and maximum spectral intensity, which had values ranging from 0.10 to 0.55 for effective plume emissivity and 17.6 to 48.1 kW m−2 sr−1 μm−1 for maximum spectral intensity. Burning rates ranged from 0.7 to 3.4 mm s−1 and were found to be dependent on the dominant particle size of the powder. Powders synthesized with salt assisted combustion resulted in comparable burning rate, plume emissivity and maximum spectral intensity to porous Si powder (Vesta Ceramics).

show abstract

Combustion Performance of Several Nanosilicon-Based Nanoenergetics

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Sensitiveness of Porous Silicon‐Based Nano‐Energetic Films

Sensitiveness of Porous Silicon‐Based Nano‐Energetic Films

Preparation and Characterization of Silicon-Metal Fluoride Reactive Composites

The Effect of Silicon Powder Characteristics on the Combustion of Silicon/Teflon/Viton Nanoenergetics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About