Combustion control and sensors: a review

Docquier, Nicolas; Candel, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/s0360-1285(01)00009-0

Cited by 564 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 193 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

245

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Chemiluminescence from primarily premixed flames is widely used in a variety of combustion applications due to its natural occurrence in the flame -there is no need for external illumination -and of its easy exploitation in the harsh environments encountered, since it is an optical and therefore non-intrusive diagnostic [1]. It has been used for identification of the reaction zone [2], to compute Rayleigh index maps [3], as a marker of heat release rate [4][5][6], and to measure flame equivalence ratios [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been used for identification of the reaction zone [2], to compute Rayleigh index maps [3], as a marker of heat release rate [4][5][6], and to measure flame equivalence ratios [7][8][9][10][11][12]. By use of a Cassegrain optics-based Chemiluminescence Sensor (CS), similar to that used by Akamatsu et al [13] & Kojima et al [2], Hardalupas and Orain [7] demonstrated in their chemiluminescence study that the intensity ratio of the two excited radicals OH* and CH* is independent of strain rate in premixed counterflow flames at atmospheric pressure, in contrast to that of OH* and C 2 *, which is a function of strain rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical evaluation of equivalence ratio measurement using OH∗ and CH∗ chemiluminescence in premixed and non-premixed methane–air flames

Panoutsos

Hardalupas

Taylor

2009

Combustion and Flame

231

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents results from detailed chemical kinetics calculations of electronically excited OH (A 2 Ȉ, denoted as OH*) and CH (A 2 ǻ, denoted as CH*) chemiluminescent species in laminar premixed and non-premixed counterflow methane-air flames, at atmospheric pressure. Eight different detailed chemistry mechanisms, with added elementary reactions that account for the formation and destruction of the chemiluminescent species OH* and CH*, are studied. The effects of flow strain rate and equivalence ratio on the chemiluminescent intensities of OH*, CH* and their ratio are studied and the results are compared to chemiluminescent intensity ratio measurements from premixed laminar counterflow natural gas-air flames. This is done in order to numerically evaluate the measurement of equivalence ratio using OH* and CH* chemiluminescence, an experimental practice that is used in the literature. The calculations reproduced the experimental observation that there is no effect of strain rate on the chemiluminescent intensity ratio of OH* to CH*, and that the ratio is a monotonic function of equivalence ratio. In contrast, the strain rate was found to have an effect on both the OH* and CH* intensities, in agreement with experiment. The calculated OH*/CH* values showed that only five out of the eight mechanisms studied were within the same order of magnitude with the experimental data. A new mechanism, proposed in this work, gave results that agreed with experiment within 30%. It was found that the location of maximum emitted intensity from the excited species OH* and CH* was displaced by less than 65 and 115 ȝm, respectively, away from the maximum of the heat release rate, in agreement with experiments, which is small relative to the spatial resolution of experimental methods applied to combustion applications, and, therefore, it is expected that intensity from the OH* and CH* excited radicals can be used to identify the location of the reaction zone.Calculations of the OH*/CH* intensity ratio for strained non-premixed counterflow methane-3 air flames showed that the intensity ratio takes different values from those for premixed flames, and therefore has the potential to be used as a criterion to distinguish between premixed and non-premixed reaction in turbulent flames.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical evaluation of equivalence ratio measurement using OH∗ and CH∗ chemiluminescence in premixed and non-premixed methane–air flames

Panoutsos

Hardalupas

Taylor

2009

Combustion and Flame

231

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are many examples of toxic or explosive gases that should be monitored, and these include CO, nitrous oxides, ammonia, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, etc. [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity enhancement of p-type semiconducting hydrocarbon sensors—The use of sol-precipitated nano-powders

Sahner

Schönauer

Matam

et al. 2008

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method for preparing sol-precipitated Sr(Ti 0.8 Fe 0.2 )O 3−δ powders yielding particle sizes of about 70 nm is presented. Screen-printed films based on such nano-scaled powders are compared and contrasted to conventional micro-scaled thick films.By employing sol-precipitated powders, the hydrocarbon sensitivity of the sensor devices is improved. For unsaturated hydrocarbons, resistance changes similar to those of thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition are observed, thus combining the fast sensor response of Sr(Ti 0.8 Fe 0.2 )O 3−δ thick films with the high response (R/R 0 ) values observed for thin films. The pronounced cross-interference of NO and CO can be eliminated by means of an additional zeolite layer deposited on top of the nano-scaled sensor film.

show abstract

“…The automobile industry needs innovative sensors for continuous monitoring of hazardous gases or particulate matter in combustion engine exhaust. 37 a parameter to optimize the synthesis condition for the SnP 2 O 7 SnO 2 composite ceramics, wherein the reaction was maintained for 4 h. Figure 9 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns from the surface of the as-synthesized composite ceramics at various temperatures. New peaks appeared for the composite ceramics synthesized at 400°C or higher, which were attributed to the cubic structure of SnP 2 O 7 .…”

Section: Proton Conduction In Acceptor-doped Snp 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediate-temperature proton conductors and their applications to energy and environmental devices

Hibino

2011

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of proton conductors has proceeded rapidly in recent years. A number of organic or inorganic materials show proton conductivities of ³10 ¹2 S cm ¹1 at temperatures below 100°C. However, although there is great current demand for proton conductors capable of operating in the temperature range of 100400°C in practical applications, very few materials that can satisfy this demand have been reported to date. Acceptor-doped SnP 2 O 7 are promising candidate materials because their proton conductivities reach >10 ¹1 S cm ¹1 in the temperature range of interest. This paper presents an overview of the current status of acceptor-doped SnP 2 O 7 , highlighting the mechanism and kinetics of proton conduction and the development of electrochemical devices using these materials. New insights for proton insertion and conduction are proposed that use electrochemical techniques. Two approaches to designing SnP 2 O 7 -based composite electrolytes with good mechanical properties have also been developed for different operating temperatures. In addition, the benefits of intermediate-temperature operation using these materials are discussed in terms of practical applications, especially in fuel cells, exhaust sensors, and solid catalysts.

show abstract

Combustion control and sensors: a review

Cited by 564 publications

References 193 publications

Numerical evaluation of equivalence ratio measurement using OH∗ and CH∗ chemiluminescence in premixed and non-premixed methane–air flames

Numerical evaluation of equivalence ratio measurement using OH∗ and CH∗ chemiluminescence in premixed and non-premixed methane–air flames

Selectivity enhancement of p-type semiconducting hydrocarbon sensors—The use of sol-precipitated nano-powders

Intermediate-temperature proton conductors and their applications to energy and environmental devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About