Combined Use of C. butyricum Sx-01 and L. salivarius C-1-3 Improves Intestinal Health and Reduces the Amount of Lipids in Serum via Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate whether combined use of C. butyricum Sx-01 and L. salivarius C-1-3 could improve the intestinal health and reduce the lipid levels in sera of mice and whether these benefits were related to regulating the intestinal microflora. Eighty Kunming male mice were divided into four groups with five replicates per group and four mice per replicate. Mice in the control group were administrated with 0.2 mL normal saline; mice in three experimental groups were daily orally administrated with 4 × 108 cfu of L. salivarius, 4 × 108 cfu of C. butyricum, and a combination thereof (2 × 108 cfu of L. salivarius, and 2 × 108 cfu of C. butyricum), respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) ratio of growing mice underwent no significant changes (p > 0.05); however, the average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase over short periods of time. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum in the combination group were significantly increased (p < 0.05); The triglyceride, and total cholesterol, contents in serum in the combined treatment group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05); The total volatile fatty acids and butyric acid in faecal matter of mice in the experimental groups were all significantly increased at 14 days (p < 0.05); The length of villi, and the mucosal thickness of colon and caecum (p < 0.05) were significantly improved; The relative abundance of some bacteria with antioxidant capacity or decomposing cholesterol capacity or butyrate producing capacity was increased, while the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria was decreased in the colon. Furthermore, our results showed that the beneficial effects of the combined use of the two strains was higher than that of single use. Overall, the results demonstrated that the combined use of C. butyricum Sx-01 and L. salivarius C-1-3 can significantly improve intestinal health and reduce the amount of lipids in sera of mice. The reason for these effects might be that besides their own probiotic effects, combined use of the two strains could regulate the intestinal microflora.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum, Either Alone or in Combination, on Growth and Fecal Microbiota Composition of Post-weaning Pigs at a Commercial Farm

“…For example, the length of the intestinal villi is improved by feeding pigs LAB (18–20) and broilers BAB (21). Moreover, Long et al (22) reported that the combined use of LAB and BAB could further improve the length of the intestinal villi in mice. Therefore, since we were unable to investigate factors associated with intestinal health in the present study, we cannot rule out the possibility that the combined use of LAB and BAB has synergistic effects on factors other than growth parameters and the microbiota of post-weaning pigs.…”

Butyrate-producing human gut symbiont, Clostridium butyricum, and its role in health and disease

“…33,34 Introducing C. butyricum has been shown to protect properties of the mucosal layer in two different mouse models. Administration of C. butyricum Sx-01 significantly increased colonic mucosal thickness in a murine study of probiotic supplementation for general intestinal health, 25 while administration of CBM 588 increased mucin production (measured as increased expression of MUC2) and significantly decreased epithelial damage in the colonic tissue of mice with clindamycin-induced antibioticassociated diarrhea. 15 The effect of C. butyricum on mucosal health may be explained by its capacity for butyrate production.…”

Schizonepeta Tenuifolia with Alpinia Oxyphylla Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis and Improves the Gut Microbiome in Nc/Nga Mice

“…Also, the bacteria in the intestines, including large intestines, reflects the body's immune activity to a certain extent [42]. The increase in the length of the large intestinal villi can enhance the digestion and absorption of food and the height of the large intestine villi and the depth of the intestinal crypt are known indicators of intestinal function and intestinal health [31]. Goblet cells of the intestinal mucosal epithelium secrete mucin, forming an intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier to separate intestinal bacteria and epithelial cells [43].…”

“…Hematoxylin & eosin (H-E; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Loise, MO, USA) staining was conducted to measure epidermis and dermis thickness, abnormality of cells and nucleus in the keratocytes and the surface of the skin. The intestinal histology of the large intestines (villous length, intestinal crypt, the width of intestinal villi) was evaluated in H-E staining [31]. Toluidine blue (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Loise, MO, USA) staining was also performed to calculate the number of mast cells in the tissues (%).…”