Combined stack effect in houses and eskers explaining transients in radon source

Schmied, Hannes Müller

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(85)90221-9

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…See e.g. the work by Schmied (1985) for studies of radon concentration in indoor air related to the stack or chimney effect (Equations 5-9), and the studies by Nazaroff (1992) and Tanaka and Lee (1988) for further information concerning the stack effect.…”

Section: Radon Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model for radon concentration in indoor air

Jelle

2012

Science of The Total Environment

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A model is developed for calculation of the radon concentration in indoor air. The model takes into account various important parameters, e.g. radon concentration in ground, radon diffusion resistance of radon barrier, air permeance of ground, air pressure difference between outdoor ground and indoor at ground level, ventilation of the building ground and number of air changes per hour due to ventilation. Characteristic case studies are depicted in selected 2D and 3D graphical plots for easy visualization and interpretation. The radon transport into buildings might be dominated by diffusion, pressure driven flow or a mixture of both depending on the actual values of the various parameters. The results of our work indicate that with realistic or typical values of the parameters, most of the transport of radon from the building ground to the indoor air is due to air leakage driven by pressure differences through the construction. By incorporation of various and realistic values in the radon model, valuable information about the miscellaneous parameters influencing the indoor radon level is gained. Hence, the presented radon model may be utilized as a simple yet versatile and powerful tool for examining which preventive or remedial measures should be carried out to achieve an indoor radon level below the reference level as set by the authorities.

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Section: Radon Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model for radon concentration in indoor air

Jelle

2012

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Environmental factors that include pressure differences inside and outside the home, temperature, and elevation, must also be taken into account when assessing home indoor radon levels. Lower pressures inside the home compared to the outside create a pressure vacuum in which air from the soil, which may contain radon gas, replaces air inside the home known as the stack effect [23][24][25]. Colder temperatures may also indirectly influence home indoor radon concentration levels.…”

Section: Sources Of Home Indoor Radon Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Housing Features and Environmental Factors on Home Indoor Radon Concentration Levels on the Navajo Nation

Yazzie

Davis

Seixas

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Uranium is naturally found in the environment as a radioactive metal element with high concentrations in the Southwestern US. In this region is the Navajo Nation, which spans approximately 69,930 square kilometers. A decay product of uranium is radon gas, a lung carcinogen that has no color, odor, or taste. Radon gas may pass from soil into homes; and, indoor accumulation has been associated with geographical location, seasonality, home construction materials, and home ventilation. A home and indoor radon survey was conducted from November 2014 through May 2015, with volunteers who reported residence on the Navajo Nation. Home geolocation, structural characteristics, temperature (°C) during radon testing, and elevation (meters) were recorded. Short-term indoor radon kits were used to measure indoor radon levels. 51 homes were measured for indoor radon levels, with an arithmetic mean concentration of 60.5 Becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3) (SD = 42.7). The mean indoor radon concentrations (Bq/m3) by house type were: mobile, 29.0 (SD = 22.9); wood, 58.6 (SD = 36.0); hogan, 74.0 (SD = 0.0); homes constructed of cement and wood, 82.6 (SD = 3.5); and homes constructed of concrete and cement, 105.7 (SD = 55.8). A key observation is that house construction type appears to be associated with the mean home indoor radon concentration. This observation has been published in that the basic structural make-up of the home may affect home ventilation and therefore indoor radon concentration levels.

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“…Winqvist, 1953 ;De Geer, 1968 ;Ericksson, 1970;Gustafson, 1978Gustafson, , 1982Aneblom et Persson, 1979 ;Mâlkki, 1979 ;Voss et al, 1980 ;Dressie, 1984 ;Stone, 1984Stone, , 1986Caswell, 1988 ;Sklash et Ibrahim, 1991). Notons que certains eskers font l'objet d'examens particuliers en rapport avec des émanations de radon pouvant être nuisibles à la santé (voir notamment Schmied, 1985;Holkko et Liukkonen, 1993;Hutri et Makelainen, 1993;Arvela et ai, 1994).…”

Section: Zusammenfassungunclassified

Les eskers : essai de synthèse bibliographique

Levasseur¹

2007

gpq

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L'essai propose une revue de la littérature sur les eskers. On y expose les informations de base (définition, terminologie, dimensions, distribution et caractères sédimentologiques généraux, incluant granulomere, fabriques, paléocourants, déformations et composition pétrographique) avant de présenter un historique des théories sur l'origine de ces constructions (hypothèses sous-glaciaire, supra- et intraglaciaire, de marge glaciaire et autres). De plus, on examine les différents modèles de sédimentation des eskers (chenal subaérien, canalisation forcée, deltaïque) et quelques généralités sur leur formation (écoulement des eaux de fonte, stabilité des conduits sous-glaciaires, source des matériaux, diachronisme des constructions et longueur des tunnels). On discute enfin du développement des eskers associés aux glaciers d'aujourd'hui.This essay deals with the literature on eskers. Basic informations (definition, terminology, dimensions, distribution and general sedimentologic features, including granulometry, fabrics, paleocurrents, deformations and lithologie composition) are presented, then theories on the origin of these forms (subglacial hypothesis, super-glacial and englacial hypothesis, marginal hypothesis and others) are exposed. Moreover, the different depositional models of eskers (open channel, full-pipe flow, deltaic) and some other concepts on their formation (meltwater flow, subglacial tunnel stability in ice, sediment sources, diachronism of constructions and length of tunnels) are examined. Finally, the development of eskers in current glacial environments are considered.Der Essay gibt eine Obersicht iiber die Literatur zu den Eskers. Basisinformationen werden gegeben (Definition, Terminologie, Dimensionen, Verteilung und allgemeine sedimentologische Eigenschaften einschlieBlich Kornverteilung, Texturen, Palâostromungen, Verformungen und Gesteinszusammensetzung), bevor die Geschichte der Theorien zum Ursprung dieser Formen vorgestellt wird (subglaziale, supra- und intraglaziale Hypothèse, Eisrandhypothese und andere). AuRerdem werden die verschiedenen Modelle der Sedimentierung der Eskers (subaërialer Kanal, erzwungene Kanalisierung, deltafôrmig) und einige allgemeine Ausfuhrungen iiber ihre Bildung untersucht (SchmelzwasserfluB, Stabiiitàt der Tunnel, Herkunft des Materials, Diachronismus der Konstruktionen und Lange der Tunnel). Zuletzt wird die Entwicklung der Eskers in heutiger Gletscherumwelt diskutiert

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Combined stack effect in houses and eskers explaining transients in radon source

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Development of a model for radon concentration in indoor air

Development of a model for radon concentration in indoor air

Assessing the Impact of Housing Features and Environmental Factors on Home Indoor Radon Concentration Levels on the Navajo Nation

Les eskers : essai de synthèse bibliographique

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