“…Adenosine is generated in response to cell stress and cell injury and its concentration increases during episodes of hypoxia and inflammation (Lopes, Sebastião, & Ribeiro, ), as those occurring upon stroke or in brain tumours. Adenosine plays a regulatory role in the nervous system by decreasing neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission, including excitatory synaptic transmission (Dias, Rombo, Ribeiro, Henley, & Sebastião, ; Dunwiddie & Hoffer, ; Pinto, Serpa, Sebastião, & Cascalheira, ; Serpa, Ribeiro, & Sebastião, ), protecting against neurotoxic insults (Ribeiro, Sebastião, & Mendonça, ; Serpa, Pinto, Bernardino, & Cascalheira, ) and modulating synaptic plasticity (Dias et al, ; Santschi, Zhang, & Stanton, ). Most of these adenosine actions are mediated by activation of G‐protein‐coupled adenosine receptors located at the extracellular membrane, specifically A 1 , A 2A , A 2B and A 3 receptors (Dias et al, ; Serpa, Sara, Ribeiro, Sebastião, & Cascalheira, ; Serpa, Sebastião, & Cascalheira, ).…”