Combined efficacies of lipoic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on lead-induced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rats

Abstract

<jats:p> One of the most intriguing phenomenon observed during lead toxicity has been attributed to lead-induced oxidative stress. The combined effect of DL-a-lipoic acid (LA) and meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on lead-induced alterations in selected parameters, which are indicators of oxidative stress in erythrocytes, have been studied. Lead acetate (Pb, 0.2%) was administered in drinking water for 5 weeks to induce toxicity. LA (25 mg/ kg body weight per day i.p.) and DMSA (20 mg/kg body weight per day i.p.) were administered individually and also in combination during week 6. Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was evident from the elevated blood lead levels (BPb) along with lowered levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Ht). Lead-exposed animals showed enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the erythrocytes. Damage to the erythrocyte membrane was evident from the decline in the activities of the trans-membrane enzymes, viz., Na<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ATPase, Ca<jats:sup>2</jats:sup><jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ATPase and Mg<jats:sup>2</jats:sup><jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ATPase. Lead-exposed rats also suffered an onslaught on the antioxidant defence system witnessed by lowered activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Serum glutamic-oxoloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were also elevated in lead-exposed rats. Treatment with either LA or DMSA reversed the lead-induced biochemical disturbances encountered by the erythrocytes, but combined treatment with LA and DMSA was very effective in mitigating all the parameters indicative of oxidative stress. </jats:p>

Ameliorating activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract against lead induced renal toxicity in male rats

“…The GSH levels of control group was 1.05 μg of GSH/mg protein, and in 1 week lead exposed group was 0.95 μg of GSH/mg protein, and in 3 weeks lead exposed group was 0.88 μg of GSH/mg protein. Several studies reported that lead toxicity decreases GSH levels (Bechara 2004;Patra et al 2001;Sivaprasad et al 2003). In 3 weeks lead plus ginger treated group the GSH level was increased (0.94 μg of GSH/mg protein).…”

Enzymatic and Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Tabernaemontana divaricate R.Br. Against DEN and Fe-NTA Induced Renal Damage in Wistar Albino Rats

“…In this study, it was observed that a dose-dependent decrease in the Fe-NTA mediated oxidative stress in kidney of T. divaricate pretreated rats, which is manifested by a decrease in the susceptibility of microsomal membrane for LPO as well as H 2 O 2 generation. Studies with a number of models show that the metabolism of xenobiotics often produced GSH depletion, which increases the sensitivity of organ to oxidative and chemical injury (Sivaprasad et al, 2003).…”

Role Of Wormwood (<i>Artemisia absinthium</i>) Extract On Oxidative Stress In Ameliorating Lead Induced Haematotoxicity.

“…Most experimental research has indicated that after exposure to lead there is an increased amount of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) with a parallel drop of reduced glutathione (GSH) in different organs (Gurer et al, 1999;Sivaprasad et al, 2003). Similarly, incubation of human blood in the presence of lead compounds causes a drop of GSH concentration (Hunaiti and Soud, 2000).…”