Combined effects of peer presence, social cues, and rewards on cognitive control in adolescents

Breiner, Kaitlyn; Li, Anfei; Cohen, Alexandra O.; Steinberg, Laurence; Bonnie, Richard J.; Scott, Elizabeth S.; Taylor-Thompson, Kim; Rudolph, Marc D.; Chein, Jason; Richeson, Jennifer A.; Dellarco, Danielle V.; Fair, Damien A.; Casey, B. J.; Galván, Adriana

doi:10.1002/dev.21599

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…To date, much of the research effort of neuroimaging studies of social facilitation has focused on pleasurable behaviors in adolescents and adults, such as gaming for money (Nawa et al, 2008;Fareri et al, 2012;Kätsyri et al, 2013;Breiner et al, 2018;Chib et al, 2018), donating to charities (Izuma et al, 2010;Van Hoorn et al, 2016) and risk-taking (Chein et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2015Smith et al, , 2018Hoffmann et al, 2018). In these studies, peer presence's most consistent effect was an increase of activation or connectivity in the brain reward system, especially the ventral striatum.…”

Section: Social Facilitation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Presence Effects on Eye Movements and Attentional Performance

Tricoche

Ferrand-Verdejo

Pélisson

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Social facilitation" refers to the enhancement or impairment of performance engendered by the mere presence of others. It has been demonstrated for a diversity of behaviors. This study assessed whether it also concerns attention and eye movements and if yes, which decision-making mechanisms it affects. Human volunteers were tested in three different tasks (saccades, visual search, and continuous performance) either alone or in the presence of a familiar peer. The results failed to reveal any significant peer influence on the visual search and continuous performance tasks. For saccades, by contrast, they showed a negative or positive peer influence depending on the complexity of the testing protocol. Pro-and anti-saccades were both inhibited when pseudorandomly mixed, and both facilitated when performed separately. Peer presence impaired or improved reaction times, i.e., the speed to initiate the saccade, as well as peak velocity, i.e., the driving force moving the eye toward the target. Effect sizes were large, with Cohen's d-values ranging for reaction times (RTs) from 0.50 to 0.95. Analyzing RT distributions using the LATER (Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate) model revealed that social inhibition of pro-and anti-saccades in the complex protocol was associated with a significant increase in the rate of rise. The present demonstration that the simple presence of a familiar peer can inhibit or facilitate saccades depending on task difficulty strengthens a growing body of evidence showing social modulations of eye movements and attention processes. The present lack of effect on visual search and continuous performance tasks contrasts with peer presence effects reported earlier using similar tasks, and future studies are needed to determine whether it is due to an intermediate level of difficulty maximizing individual variability. Together with an earlier study of the social inhibition of anti-saccades also using the LATER model, which showed an increase of the threshold, the present increase of the rate of rise suggests that peer presence can influence both the top-down and bottom-up attention-related processes guiding the decision to move the eyes.

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Section: Social Facilitation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Presence Effects on Eye Movements and Attentional Performance

Tricoche

Ferrand-Verdejo

Pélisson

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Indeed, adolescents show compromised inhibition in the presence of socially appetitive cues relative to socially aversive cues (Somerville, Jones, & Casey, ), such as happy facial expressions (Hare et al., ; Somerville, Hare, & Casey, ) and positive youth interactions (Perino, Miernicki, & Telzer, ), and engage in greater risk taking in the presence of peers (King, McLaughlin, Silk, & Monahan, ). Given that adolescents exhibit poorer inhibition in the presence of appetitive stimuli compared to aversive stimuli (Breiner et al., ; Perino et al., ; Somerville et al., ), adolescents may require greater regulation to successfully inhibit actions in appetitive social contexts. This developmental shift in emotion regulation is thought to arise due to altered activation in regulatory (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]) and affective (e.g., amygdala, ventral striatum) neural regions (Lee et al., ; Somerville et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Buffering of Adolescent Dysregulation in Socially Appetitive Contexts: From Behavior to the Brain

Rogers

Perino²,

Telzer

2019

J of Research on Adolesc

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Adolescents are more susceptible to dysregulation in positive social contexts, compared to children. We investigated whether maternal presence would buffer these effects in adolescence. Fifty‐four adolescents and children (age range = 8–17 years, Mage = 13.38 years) completed a social go‐nogo task during an fMRI scan alone and in the presence of their mother. We found age‐related patterns, such that older relative to younger youth displayed more disinhibition toward socially appetitive than socially aversive stimuli, which was buffered by maternal presence. Furthermore, with age, maternal buffering in socially appetitive contexts elicited heightened activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex connectivity. Findings underscore the importance of caregivers in promoting the neural regulation of their offspring during adolescence.

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“…The results from the present study have important implications for the treatment of addiction, because social cues and context are believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of drug addiction (Leshner, 1997). For example, social cues (Breiner et al, 2018, Tsai et al, 2009 and contexts (Garcia-Rodriguez et al, 2011, Huh et al, 2016, Nees et al, 2012 impact reward anticipation and craving. Furthermore, social pressure from peers can induce cravings and promote drug use (Epstein et al, 2009, Lee et al, 2008, and drug users show greater striatal activation during peer conformity to social information .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Individual variation in the attribution of incentive salience to social cues

Fitzpatrick

Morrow

2019

Preprint

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Research on the attribution of incentive salience to drug cues has furthered our understanding of drug self-administration in animals as well as drug relapse and craving in humans. The influence of peers and other social cues on drug-seeking has garnered more attention recently, but few studies have investigated the ability of social cues to gain incentivemotivational value. In the present study, a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure was used to identify rats that are more (sign-trackers) or less (goal-trackers) prone to attribute incentive salience to food reward cues. A novel procedure then employed social 'peers' to compare the tendency of sign-trackers and goal-trackers to attribute incentive salience to social reward cues.Social behavior of sign-trackers and goal-trackers was also compared using social interaction and choice tests. Finally, basal levels of plasma oxytocin were measured in sign-trackers and goaltrackers, because oxytocin is known to modulate the mesolimbic reward system and social behavior. Compared to goal-trackers, sign-trackers attributed more incentive salience to social cues and exhibited more prosocial behaviors. No group differences were observed in baseline plasma oxytocin levels. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate a concordance of individual variation in social behavior, the attribution of incentive salience to social cues following peer interaction, and attribution of incentive salience to food cues. This general tendency to attribute motivational value to reward cues has important implications for the pathophysiology of addiction and other disorders of reward learning.

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Combined effects of peer presence, social cues, and rewards on cognitive control in adolescents

Cited by 48 publications

References 62 publications

Peer Presence Effects on Eye Movements and Attentional Performance

Peer Presence Effects on Eye Movements and Attentional Performance

Maternal Buffering of Adolescent Dysregulation in Socially Appetitive Contexts: From Behavior to the Brain

Individual variation in the attribution of incentive salience to social cues

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