Combined effects of climate and management on plant diversity and pollination type in alpine grasslands

Hoiss, Bernhard; Gaviria, Julian; Leingärtner, Annette; Krauß, Jochen; Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf

doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00941.x

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…(), who in warmer and drier climates found interaction effects of climate and grazing intensity on different grassland plant diversity measures but not for SR100. Hence, if there are different processes promoted by grazing under the different climate scenarios they could converge in similar effects on our response variable (Hoiss, Gaviria, Leingärtner, Krauss, & Steffan‐Dewenter, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between global change components drive plant species richness patterns within communities in mountain grasslands independently of topography

Rodrı́guez

Lamo

Sebastià

2018

J Vegetation Science

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Questions How do interactions between global change factors (climate and land use, including livestock management) shape plant species richness patterns in mountain grassland communities? Does topography interact with global change factors to modulate their effect on within‐community plant diversity? Location Pyrenees, Spain. Methods We used an initial set of 20 predictors: climatic, biogeographic, livestock management and topographic. Our data set included a wide range of management and climatic conditions from mediterranean to alpine environments. After a variable selection procedure with random forest, we built GLM to explain species richness in plant communities through 100‐m2 plots (SR100), employing backward–forward selection with AIC and other techniques. Results The main filters of SR100 were the regional factors (climate and biogeography, with 23% and 17%, respectively, of the total contribution to SR100), followed by livestock management (14%) and topography (9%). Interactions between climatic and biogeographic variables were almost as important as the main effects (18%). Fragmentation effects were higher under low mean minimum temperatures and summer precipitation compared with other conditions. Connectivity interacted with most of the climatic variables. Moderately high stocking rates mitigated plant community species losses triggered by decreased connectivity. Sheep‐grazed grassland communities had lower SR100 than differently managed grasslands under low fragmentation scenarios; conversely, sheep grazing enhanced SR100 when fragmentation was high. Topographic predictors accounted for lower variability in SR100 than regional and management factors and were independent from these. Conclusions Several multi‐scale spatial filters determine SR100 of grassland communities in the Pyrenees, interacting through complex processes. Climate can enhance negative effects of fragmentation and lack of connectivity on SR100 under stressful conditions. Livestock management modified the impact of patch disaggregation and fragmentation on SR100.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between global change components drive plant species richness patterns within communities in mountain grasslands independently of topography

Rodrı́guez

Lamo

Sebastià

2018

J Vegetation Science

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“…For instance, Hoiss et al. () showed how the altered composition of plant species along elevation gradients also led to a shift in the proportion of pollinator‐visited plants vs. graminoids. Therefore, understanding where and how to promote foraging resources is essential to conserve pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different cutting regimes improve species and functional diversity of insect‐pollinated plants in power‐line clearings

et al. 2018

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To mitigate biodiversity loss, it is essential to understand how areas altered by human land use can act as alternative habitats for functional groups of species, which are in decline. In forested landscapes, power‐line clearings can be valuable habitats for early successional plant species, which in turn provide important food resources for pollinating insects. However, we know little about how management practices affect plant diversity, or how changes in species diversity translate into the functional diversity of floral resources. We conducted an experiment at 19 sites in power‐line clearings across southeast Norway where the woody vegetation was (1) cut and left to decay, (2) cut and removed, or (3) uncut. We assessed the effects of treatments on species diversity (richness, evenness, diversity) and functional diversity (functional evenness, functional dispersion) of understory plant communities of insect‐pollinated plants. We also investigated the influence of environmental conditions within the power‐line clearings, the surrounding landscape, and climatic factors on species and functional diversity. We found that the cut and cut–remove treatments were effective in increasing biological diversity of insect‐pollinated plants. The species and functional diversity showed contrasting responses to treatments, and the treatment effects depended on the environmental context. This shows that ecosystem functioning is not necessarily predictable from the ecological processes that drive species composition. The treatment effects on species diversity were partly explained by the stress‐gradient hypothesis; species richness was higher in the cleared plots in areas of low environmental stress from precipitation and elevation. In contrast, the treatment effects on functional diversity were positively influenced by productivity, stem density, temperature, available source habitats, elevation, and canopy density. Functional diversity, based on effect traits, should be emphasized when the aim is to maintain a broad range of pollination functions and services in power‐line clearings. This study shows that inclusion of power‐line clearings in conservation plans can mitigate biodiversity decline in forested landscapes. We recommend the cut–remove treatment in productive areas with available source habitats and high stem density. In low productive areas, with high stem density and high temperatures, the standard cut treatment is sufficient, but a higher cutting frequency is recommended.

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“…Low abundance of floral resources (Hoiss et al. ) and wild bees (Hoiss et al. ) is characteristic of high‐elevation communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the contributions of dispersal limitation, ecological drift, and ecological filtering to wild bee community assembly

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The species composition within communities is highly dependent on the rate of species immigration and whether immigrating species possess the functional traits required by the prevailing environmental conditions. Once established, random fluctuations in birth and death rates may reduce the diversity of ecologically equivalent species if local populations are not replenished by immigrating individuals. Consequently, three key processes drive community assembly: dispersal limitation, ecological filtering, and ecological drift. However, disentangling the relative contribution of these processes remains a challenge in community ecology. We used a binomial generalized linear mixed model to test whether the occurrences of solitary bees within 46 communities in southeast Norway were driven by (1) dispersal limitation, that is, the geographic distance to the nearest site where conspecifics occurred; (2) ecological filtering, that is, if forb species richness selected for non-Ericaceae-affiliated species; and (3) ecological drift, that is, if small, isolated communities were dominated by regionally common species. The regression slopes from the model for each potential driver of community composition were compared with those expected under a null model, in which species were treated as ecologically equivalent. Both dispersal limitation and ecological filtering influenced the probability of species occurring within communities. The occurrence of species decreased with elevation, and this relationship depended on the relative commonness of species and their floral preferences. For non-Ericaceae-affiliated species, the patterns of occurrence mirrored that expected under the null (neutral) model, resulting in the same patterns as would be expected under ecological drift. In contrast, the response of Ericaceae-affiliated species differed from what would be expected from the null model. Our results also indicate that processes leading to neutral dynamics in species compositions drive a large part of the gradient in species richness in Norwegian bee communities. These processes seem related to sampling effects so that large and interconnected communities have a higher probability of including regionally rare species than small, isolated communities. Our results suggest that targeting habitats-where the influence of ecological filtering is expected to be greater than that of neutral dynamics-can increase the success of habitat management plans aimed at promoting rare species.

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Combined effects of climate and management on plant diversity and pollination type in alpine grasslands

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

Interactions between global change components drive plant species richness patterns within communities in mountain grasslands independently of topography

Interactions between global change components drive plant species richness patterns within communities in mountain grasslands independently of topography

Different cutting regimes improve species and functional diversity of insect‐pollinated plants in power‐line clearings

Disentangling the contributions of dispersal limitation, ecological drift, and ecological filtering to wild bee community assembly

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