Columbid circoviruses detected in free ranging pigeons from Southern Brazil: insights on PiCV evolution

Loiko, Márcia Regina; Junqueira, Dennis Maletich; Varela, Ana Paula Muterle; Tochetto, Caroline; Scheffer, Camila Mengue; Lima, Diane Alves de; Morel, Ana Paula; Cerva, Cristine; Paim, Willian Pinto; Mayer, Fabiana Quoos; Roehe, Paulo Michel

doi:10.1007/s00705-018-3990-8

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous studies showed that the length of PiCV genome was 2031-2043 nt (Loiko et al, 2018;Sarker et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2017). However, our findings first showed that the 2030 nt (n=1), 2044 nt (n=2), and 2045 nt (n=1) complete genome were present in the PiCV positive samples.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of pigeon circovirus from racing pigeons in China during 2016-2019

Wang

Gao

Jiang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) containing a circular single stranded DNA (approximately 2 kb) genome belongs to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae. PiCV infections in pigeons ( Columba livia) have been reported worldwide. Currently, pigeon racing is becoming increasingly popular and considered to be a national sport in China, and even, the greatest competitions of racing pigeons are taking place in China. However, there are still no epidemiologic data regarding PiCV infections among racing pigeons in China. To trace the prevalence, genetic variation and evolution of PiCV in sick and healthy racing pigeons, 622 samples were collected from 11 provinces or municipalities in China from 2016 to 2019. Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the positive rate of PiCV was 19.3% (120/622) at the sample level and 59.0% (23/39) at the club level, thus suggesting that the virus was prevalent in Chinese racing pigeons. A sequence analysis revealed that the cap genes of the PiCV strains identified in our study displayed a high genetic diversity and shared nucleotide homologies of 71.9%–100% and amino acid homologies of 71.7%–100%. 28 and 36 unique amino acid substitutions were observed in the Cap and Rep proteins derived from our PiCV strains, respectively. Furthermore, The ATT and GTG were highly suspected to be the start codons of the Cap protein. A cap-gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains in this study could be further divided into seven clades (A, B, C, E, G, H, and I) and some of them were closely related to worldwide strains from different types of pigeons. A large number of recombination events (31 events) were also detected in the PiCV genomes from Chinese racing pigeons. These findings indicate that PiCV strains circulating in China exhibit a high genetic diversity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Similar to the previous reports, 31 recombination events were detected in the 67 identified PiCV strains in this study. Thus, the recombination seemed to be a key mechanism for PiCV evolution (Csagola et al, 2012;Loiko et al, 2018;Sarker et al, 2019;Stenzel et al, 2014c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of pigeon circovirus from racing pigeons in China during 2016-2019

Wang

Gao

Jiang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Pigeon circovirus (PiCV, family Circoviridae ) , also referred to as columbid circovirus, has a single-stranded circular DNA genome of ~2 kb that encodes two bidirectionally transcribed genes, a replication-associated protein ( rep ) and capsid protein ( cp ) genes [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. PiCV is found globally in both feral and domesticated pigeon populations, and its prevalence can reach up to 70% depending on age and overall health status [ 5 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Studies have shown that pigeon circovirus can be transmitted both horizontally via the fecal-oral route and vertically [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study Investigating the Dynamics of Pigeon Circovirus Recombination in Domesticated Pigeons Housed in a Single Loft

Khalifeh

Kraberger

Dziewulska

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) infects pigeon populations worldwide and has been associated with immunosuppression in younger pigeons. Recombination is a common mechanism of evolution that has previously been shown in various members of the Circoviridae family, including PiCV. In this study, three groups of pigeons acquired from separate lofts were screened for PiCV, and their genome sequence was determined. Following this, they were housed in a single loft for 22 days, during which blood and cloacal swab samples were taken. From these blood and cloacal swabs, PiCV genomes were determined with the aim to study the spread and recombination dynamics of PiCV in the birds. Genome sequences of PiCV were determined from seven pigeons (seven tested PiCV positive) before they were housed together in a loft (n = 58 sequences) and thereafter from the ten pigeons from blood and cloacal swabs (n = 120). These 178 PiCV genome sequences represent seven genotypes (98% pairwise identity genotype demarcation), and they share >88% genome-wide pairwise identity. Recombination analysis revealed 13 recombination events, and a recombination hotspot spanning the 3′ prime region, the replication-associated protein (rep) gene and the intergenic region. A cold spot in the capsid protein-coding region of the genome was also identified. The majority of the recombinant regions were identified in the rep coding region. This study provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of PiCV in pigeons kept under closed rearing systems.

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“…Bird racing, pigeon exhibitions, and "one loft race" breeding facilities could contribute to the rapid spread of PiCV infections in pigeon populations and to the production of recombinant variants of the virus, as has been noted for other avian circoviruses such as those infecting parrots [9]. The recombination events often detected in pigeon circovirus genome could result from the procedures mentioned above [5,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Infection with Pigeon Circovirus (PiCV) Leads to Lymphocyte B Apoptosis But Has No Effect on Lymphocyte T Subpopulation

et al. 2020

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The pathology of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is still unknown, but it is regarded as an immunosuppressant. This study aimed to find a correlation between PiCV natural infection and immunosuppression. The study was conducted with 56 pigeons divided into the following groups: PiCV-positive but showing (group S) or not (group I) non-specific clinical symptoms and asymptomatic pigeons negative for PiCV (group H). The percentage and apoptosis of T CD3+ and B IgM+ splenocytes; the expression of CD4, CD8, and IFN-γ genes in splenic mononuclear cells; the number of PiCV viral loads in the bursa of Fabricius; and the level of anti-PiCV antibodies were analyzed. The results showed that the percentage of B IgM+ cells was almost two-fold lower in group S than in group H, and that ca. 20% of the lymphocytes were apoptotic. No increased apoptosis was detected in TCD3+ subpopulation. The PiCV viral loads were approximately one thousand and ten thousand times higher in group S than in groups I and H, respectively. Our results indicate a possible correlation between the number of PiCV viral loads and severity of PiCV infection and confirm that PiCV infection leads to the suppression of humoral immunity by inducing B lymphocyte apoptosis.

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Columbid circoviruses detected in free ranging pigeons from Southern Brazil: insights on PiCV evolution

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of pigeon circovirus from racing pigeons in China during 2016-2019

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of pigeon circovirus from racing pigeons in China during 2016-2019

A Pilot Study Investigating the Dynamics of Pigeon Circovirus Recombination in Domesticated Pigeons Housed in a Single Loft

The Clinical Infection with Pigeon Circovirus (PiCV) Leads to Lymphocyte B Apoptosis But Has No Effect on Lymphocyte T Subpopulation

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